c) Perfections whose attainment led to the Bodhisattva path
Explanation:
The word paramita means ‘perfection’ or ‘completeness’. The Mahayana Buddhist texts contain many references to six paramitas (or perfections) of the character and understanding (here, ‘understanding’ refers to intellect).

Explanation:
The elements of Jain architecture are characterized by their simplicity, elegance, and emphasis on symmetry and proportion.
With regard to architecture, the Jains adopted the local building traditions of Vaishnava and Dravidian styles while evolving their style.
The exquisite Jain architecture consists of caves, temples, monasteries and other structures.
In ancient times, they received great patronage under the ruling dynasties of Cholas, Pallavas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and other kingdoms.
Jain temples are called ‘Basadis’ in Karnataka region and ‘Derasar’ in Western India.

c) 3 only
Explanation:
BADAMI CAVES:
Badami is a town in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka.
The caves were constructed in the 6th century by the Chalukya Dynasty in their capital Badami, which was earlier known as Vatapi.
The caves significantly represent Indian rock-cut architecture, especially Badami Chalukya architecture.
The caves house several Hindu and Jain temples. The Hindu temples are mainly dedicated to Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu, and their incarnations.
The caves are a World Heritage Site of UNESCO.
BARABAR CAVES:
The caves are located in the Jehanabad district of Bihar and are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India.
The caves were constructed by Emperor Ashoka and the fact is strengthened by the Ashoka inscriptions engraved on the caves during his reign.
The caves were used by the Ajivikas, also the Ashoka inscriptions were engraved on the caves. The Ajivika sect was founded by Makkhali Gosala.
ELLORA CAVES:
The caves are located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.
The caves are complex of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain monuments; and are one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple cave complexes in the world.
More than 100 caves are there at the site and all the monuments were built during the Rashtrakuta dynasty.
It was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Considering the background of these agricultural nomadic invaders, it is evident that the architecture of the Vedic Period was neither monumental nor permanent nor concentrated in urban development. With the disappearance of the Indus valley culture and its cities, the new Indo-Aryan population was largely distributed in small settlements located in the plains and forests. The building materials that they used were the ones most readily obtainable for constructing shelters like wood, bamboo, thatch, and, probably only later, brick. Buildings of this kind were expected from people without any kind of tradition of colossal architecture.
The architecture of the Vedic period encompasses huts of round and square shape, and also some tower like structures.
In the Vedas there is reference of fire alters and sacrificial halls. In the epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata there are indication of shrines and assembly halls. It is significant to note that stone is only occasionally referred to as a building material.
The Ramayana and the Mahabharata refers to big painted halls, so there might have been the convention of wall paintings in those times. Later features of Hindu and Buddhist architecture as the horseshoe-shaped chaitya arch presumably had their origin in the Vedic Period.

Sangam literature is the name given to the earliest available Tamil literature. The collection of poems known as Sangam literature was produced over six centuries from about 300 BC to AD 300.
According to Sangam literature, young girls would keep watch over agricultural fields and drive away birds and animals. (Statement 1 is correct).
Sangam poems are pervaded with a warrior ethic. The goal of the hero of the puram poems was pukal (glory, fame) and a heroic death was greatly valued.
It was believed that the spirit of a warrior who died in battle dwelt in paradise. A poem in the Purananuru suggests that the bodies of warriors who did not die in battle were cut with swords before the funerary rites, to simulate death in battle.
The practice of Vattakirutal is mentioned in Sangam poems and refers to a defeated king committing ritual suicide by starving himself to death. This practice was performed to avoid the humiliation of being captured by the enemy. The practice could be performed individually or as a group, with the captured king’s supporters participating. (Statement 2 is incorrect).
In Sangam literature, the Chola king’s retinue included the padimagalir, women bodyguards who protected and cared for the king. These women were known for their bravery and were ready to die for the king. They accompanied the king while he was camping in wartime, guarding him against potential ambushes. (Statement 3 is correct).