(b) Only two statements are correct (1st and 2nd)
Narayana Guru was a prominent social reformer who advocated for the equality of all human beings, irrespective of their caste and religion. He worked towards eradicating untouchability and social discrimination prevalent in Kerala society.
He was instrumental in the founding of the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana (SNDP) Yogam in 1903. This organization aimed at the social and educational upliftment of the backward castes, primarily the Ezhavas.
Sri Narayana Guru preached the doctrine of ‘One caste, One religion, One God. ‘It was his atheist disciples, Sahadaran Ayyapan, who changed into ‘no religion, no caste and no God for mankind. (3rd statement is incorrect)

(b) Only two statements are correct (1st and 2nd)
PMMSY is a flagship scheme of the Government of India aimed at boosting the fisheries sector. Its primary objectives include:

Increasing fish production: To achieve this, the scheme focuses on various aspects like modernizing fishing vessels, improving aquaculture practices, and developing infrastructure for fish processing and handling.
Enhancing fish exports: By improving quality standards, strengthening value chains, and promoting brand building, PMMSY aims to increase India’s share in the global seafood market.
The PMMSY is implemented by the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying. (3rd statement is incorrect)

(b) Only two statements are correct (1st and 2nd)
SKAO, once completed, will be the world’s largest radio telescope with a total collecting area of approximately one square kilometer. It will be composed of thousands of antennas spread across two arrays, one in Western Australia and the other in South Africa. (Statement 1 is correct)
SKAO’s wide range of frequencies will allow scientists to study a variety of astronomical phenomena, including the formation of the first stars and galaxies, the evolution of black holes, the search for habitable planets, and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. (Statement 2 is correct)
While India is a participating country in SKAO and has contributed to its development through scientific and technical expertise, it has not yet formally become a member country. This may require additional government approvals. (Statement 3 is incorrect)
The full operation of SKAO is expected to begin in phases, with early science observations starting in 2024 and full operations reaching completion by 2030.

(d) The Parliament can either amend or destroy the basic structure.
•The Doctrine of Basic Structure is a form of judicial review that is used to test the legality of any legislation by the courts. It was evolved by the Supreme Court in the 1973 landmark ruling in Kesavananda Bharati v State of Kerala.
•In a 7-6 verdict, a 13-judge Constitution Bench ruled that the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution is inviolable, and could not be amended by Parliament.
• If a law is found to “damage or destroy” the “basic features of the Constitution”, the Court declares it unconstitutional. The test is applied to constitutional amendments to ensure the amendment does not dilute the fundamentals of the Constitutional itself.
•The court ruled that while Parliament has vast powers to change the Constitution, it cannot touch certain “basic features” or foundational principles that give the Constitution its coherence or identity. The Parliament can amend the basic structure but cannot destroy it.
•Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

(a) Both statements are true
• The Indian National Army’s (INA) “Quit India” slogan resonated with Indian prisoner-of-war (POW) recruits in Southeast Asia after the fall of Singapore.
• The INA was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists and POWs during World War II. Mohan Singh established the INA in 1942, and it was initially supported by the Japanese Empire.
•After the fall of Singapore, around 40,000 Indian POWs were ready to join the INA, but they awaited an invitation from the Indian National Congress and the people of India. The Quit India Movement in India provided a boost to the INA.