(d) Amrit Kaur
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Health Minister of India. She was born into the Kapurthala royal family in 1887 and was educated in Oxford. After returning to India in 1918, she was drawn towards the work and teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. She became his secretary and took an active part in the Salt Satyagraha and Quit India Movement. She was also a member of the Indian Constituent Assembly.
After independence, Kaur was appointed the first Health Minister of India. She served in this position for 10 years and during her tenure, she brought about several important reforms in the health sector. She founded the Indian Council for Child Welfare, laid the foundation of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), and established the Lady Irwin College in Delhi. She was also a strong advocate for women’s rights and worked to improve the condition of women in India.
Kaur was a recipient of the Padma Vibhushan and the Bharat Ratna. She passed away in 1964 at the age of 77.
Here are some of her contributions as Health Minister:
• Founded the Indian Council for Child Welfare
• Laid the foundation of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
• Established the Lady Irwin College in Delhi
• Introduced the Bhore Committee Report, which recommended a comprehensive plan for the development of health services in India
• Established the National Institute of Health Administration and Education
• Launched the National Malaria Control Programme
• Started the BCG Vaccination Programme
• Set up the Central Leprosy Research Institute

(b) Only two
An interim budget is a temporary financial statement presented by the outgoing government before general elections.
Purpose: To authorize the government to continue essential expenditures for a few months (usually 3-4) until the new government presents its full budget.
Limitations: Cannot introduce new policies or significantly change tax structures. Only essential expenses like salaries and ongoing programs are covered. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
A full budget gives the government of the day spending rights until the end of the financial year (which ends on 31st March). In case, the government is not able to present the full budget before the end of the financial year, it will require parliamentary approval for incurring expenditure in the new financial year until a new budget is passed.
Until the Parliament discusses the budget and passes it (for the whole year), through the interim budget, the government passes a vote-on-account which will allow the government to meet its expenses of administration.

(a) Transparency International
India ranked 93 out of 180 countries in the 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). The CPI is a scale from 100 (very clean) to 0 (highly corrupt). The 2022 CPI was published in January 2023 and ranks countries based on the situation between May 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022. Transparency International, a non-governmental organization based in Berlin, has published the CPI annually since 1995. The organization’s purpose is to combat global corruption and prevent criminal activities arising from corruption.

(b) Only two
Forests form an intricate element of the social and cultural life of tribals, and it is estimated that in India, about 300 million tribal and other local people depend on forests for their subsistence and livelihood. India has an estimated diversity of 3,000 plant species from which NTFPs (non-timber forest produce), generally known as Minor Forest Produces (MFP).
The forest dwellers are legally empowered with the ownership and governance of the MFP through PESA (Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996, and the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
Under Forest Rights Act, 2006, “minor forest produce” includes all non-timber forest produce of plant origin including bamboo, brush wood, stumps, cane, tussar, cocoons, honey, wax, lac, tendu or kendu leaves, medicinal plants and herbs, roots, tubers and the like.
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, gives the “right of ownership, access to collect, use and dispose of minor forest produce which has been traditionally collected within or outside village boundaries”. The Act was enacted to protect the marginalised socio-economic class of citizens and balance the right to environment with their right to life and livelihood. However, several problems abound. The tribal and other local people dependent on forests still remain underprivileged and poor and are deprived of fair returns.
The Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Minor Forest Produce (MFP) is revised every three years by the Pricing Cell of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

(d) France
On Republic Day, the French President visited India, discussing bilateral cooperation and expressing satisfaction with the increasing complexity and interoperability in joint defence exercises.
Exercise Shakti, Exercise Varuna, and Exercise Garuda are military exercises between India and France.
Exercise Shakti: This exercise is for the Indian Army. The 6th edition of this exercise, EX SHAKTI 2021, was held in France from November 15–26, 2021.
Exercise Varuna: This exercise is for the Indian Navy. The 21st edition of this exercise was held in 2023, and included the French Navy’s aircraft carrier Charles De Gaulle, frigates, and other vessels.
Exercise Garuda: This exercise is for the Indian Air Force and the French Air and Space Force. The 7th edition of this exercise was held in 2022 at Air Force Station Jodhpur.