Ans. (c) Stromboli is called The Lighthouse’ of the Mediterranean sea. It is an active volcano located in Tyrrhenian sea, Italy. This volcano involves moderate bursts of expanding gases that eject lots of lava, through continuous small eruptions.
Because of its small frequent outbursts, it has been called ‘The Lighthouse’ of the Mediterranean sea.

Ans. (d) Among the given options, Cotopaxi, Etna and Fujiyama are active volcanoes, while Aconcagua part of Andes mountain is an extinct volcano. Cotopaxi (Argentina) is a composite volcano and found in Ecuador. Etna volcano is in island of Sicily (Italy) is an active stratovolcano and Fujiyama volcano is found in Japan.

Ans. (a) The Ring of Fire’ is associated with earthquake, volcanoes and Pacific ocean. The Ring of Fire’ is a horseshoe-shaped zone of intense seismic and volcanic activity that encircles the Pacific ocean. It covers about 40,000 km and includes 452 volcanoes, 75% of the world’s active and dormant ones.
The Ring of Fire’ is also the location of 90% of the world’s earthquakes, as well as some of the most devastating ones in history. The ‘Ring of Fire’ is caused by the movement and collision of several tectonic plates that make up the Earth’s crust, such as the Pacific plate, the Naza Plate, the Philippine plate and the North American plate.

Ans. (a) About 80% of the world’s active volcanoes exist in Mid-Continental belt and Circum-Pacific belt. Mid-Continental belt extends along the young folded Alpine mountain system of Europe, North Africa, etc. Circum-Pacific (Ring of Fire) is located around the coast of the Pacific Ocean. This region has more than 75% of the world’s active volcanoes.

Ans. (a) Statement (1) is correct.
Indonesia comprises of over 15,000 islands, making it the world’s largest archipelagic country. The islands are scattered along the equator between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Statement (2) is incorrect because according to the Global Volcanism Programme, Indonesia has 127 volcanoes that have erupted in the past 10,000 years and 76 volcanoes that have erupted since 1700. Indonesia is located on the Ring of Fire, a zone of intense seismic and volcanic activity that encircles the Pacific ocean. The volcanoes of Indonesia are formed by the subduction of several tectonic plates under the Eurasian plate and the Australian plate.