(c) Both 1 and 2 statements are correct
The legal system of India consists of civil law, common law, customary law, religious law and corporate law within the legal framework inherited from the colonial era and various legislation first introduced by the British are still in effect in modified forms today.
Common Law: Primarily based on precedents established by court decisions. They are more flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances, as it relies on case-by-case analysis.
The Indian Contract Act and the Indian Partnership Act are influenced by common law principles.
In common law systems, judges play a crucial role in interpreting and applying the law, effectively creating new legal principles through their rulings by setting precedents based on previous cases, which means that their decisions in one case can influence how similar cases are decided in the future; this is often referred to as “judge-made law.”
Civil Law: Primarily based on codified statutes and legislations. They are more predictable and certain, as it relies on a comprehensive legal code.
Indian Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure, and the Indian Evidence Act are examples of codified laws.
Judges primarily apply the law as it is written in the codes. Their role is more limited in creating new legal principles.

(c) Government land which is unauthorizedly occupied by a person.
Any Government land which is unauthorizedly occupied by a person and such person has applied for regularization of the same under the Karnataka Land Revenue Rules under 108 C(1) is called Bagar Hukum land.
Bagar Hukum land means government land which has been allotted to a landless person/farmer by the Government decided through a Taluka level committee, without any legal title.
Bagar Hukum can grant land to applicants only if there is additional land available in Gomala. Further proceedings will be initiated after the declaration of the Collector. However, if there is no additional land, the sanction of Gomala land is not possible.
Gomala land is a type of government-owned land in Karnataka that is reserved for grazing livestock and other public purposes.

(c) All three statements are correct
India recognized Morocco on June 20, 1956, and established diplomatic relations in 1957.
Morocco is an important trading partner for India in Africa, especially in the areas of phosphates, fertilizers, and minerals, along with significant trade in agricultural products.
India and Morocco have collaborated on counterterrorism issues, particularly through sharing intelligence and working together to counter extremist groups like Al-Qaeda.
Morocco has supported India’s bid for a permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council, aligning with India’s stance on reforms in the UNSC.

(b)Indian Ocean
Mayotte is a French overseas territory located in the Indian Ocean, between Madagascar and the coast of Mozambique. It is known for its rich biodiversity and unique cultural heritage. The island has been in the news recently due to Cyclone Chido, which caused significant damage and loss of life.

(a) Only one statement is correct (2nd)
The Indian Forest and Wood Certification Scheme (IFWCS) is a voluntary, third-party certification scheme that promotes sustainable forest management and agroforestry in India. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
The Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) in Bhopal is responsible for the scheme’s overall management
The IFWCS also promotes sustainable management of trees outside of forests. (Statement 3 is incorrect)