(a) Only one
In molecular biology, DNA Replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part of biological inheritance. (1st pair is incorrect)
DNA can be produced from RNA through a process called Reverse Transcription. This process uses an RNA template and the enzyme reverse transcriptase to synthesize a DNA molecule. (2nd pair is incorrect)
The process of making RNA from DNA is called Transcription. It occurs in the nucleus of the cell. (3rd pair is incorrect)
The process of converting RNA into proteins is called Translation. Ribosomes, which are cellular structures made of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), convert mRNA into amino acid sequences. These sequences form polypeptides, which later fold into active proteins. (4th pair is incorrect)

(d) All four

Bacteria can kill other Bacteria. For example, Bacteriocins are produced by bacteria and bind to receptors on enemy bacteria. This causes holes to develop in the enemy bacteria’s membrane.
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria. They are the most common biological entities in nature and have been shown to effectively fight and destroy multi-drug resistant bacteria.
Some bacteria can also kill and consume living fungi. For example, some Gram-negative pathogens can kill Candida albicans and inhibit filament formation.
Some bacteria can produce compounds that inhibit the growth of several fungal species. For example, Chromobacterium vaccinii produces VOCs that inhibit fungal growth.

(a) Number theory and the discovery of “Kaprekar’s constants”
Dattaraya Ramchandra Kaprekar was born at Dahanu near Bombay. He discovered the shortest possible routes to solve mathematical problems. In 1927, he won the wrangler R. P. Paranjpe Mathematical Prize for an Original Piece of work in mathematics. He discovered ‘Kaprekar Constant’ in 1946. It is the number “6174”. The constant 6174 is arrived at and this number then generates itself into one set of numbers called “self-numbers” that is also known by his name. Kaprekar passed away in 1988.

(a) Only One
ODF, ODF+, and ODF++ are part of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). ODF stands for Open Defecation Free. ODF+ and ODF++ were launched in 2018 to help cities maintain their ODF status.
ODF+ focuses on the maintenance and hygiene of toilets with water. ODF++ focuses on toilets with sludge and septage management.
An ODF Plus village is one which has sustained its Open Defecation Free (ODF) status along with implementing either solid or liquid waste management systems. As on date, more than 2.96 lakh villages have declared themselves ODF Plus, which is a significant step towards achieving the SBM-G phase II goals by 2024-25.
The Wayanad district in Kerala became India’s first open defecation-free (ODF) Plus district in 2023.
(Statement 3 is incorrect).

(d) Nashik inscription
Nasik inscription highlights the achievements of Gautamiputra Satakarni. It is also known as Nashik prashasti in which his mother Gautami Balasri’s has given a eulogy, which credits him with extensive military conquests. It gives a detailed account of the Satavahana dynasty. There is another Nasik inscription made in the Nasik Caves in the year 120 CE by Ushavadata, a viceroy of the Western Satraps ruler Nahapana. It is the earliest known instance of Sanskrit usage in western India, though in a rather hybrid form.