(d) Neither 1 nor 2
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and its Hyderabad-based National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) released the updated Dietary Guidelines for Indians (DGIs) in May 2024. The guidelines were developed to suit modern eating habits and address the 56% of diseases in India that are linked to diet. The guidelines include 17 recommendations, including:
Eat a variety of foods: Ensure a balanced diet by eating from eight different food groups
Consume safe and clean foods: Use proper pre-cooking and cooking methods
Moderate food and drink: Eat 2,000 kcal per day, including 250 grams of cereals, 400 grams of vegetables, 100 grams of fruit, 85 grams of pulses, eggs, or flesh foods, 35 grams of nuts and seeds, and 27 grams of fat or oils
Be physically active: Exercise regularly to maintain a healthy weight
Limit unhealthy foods: Avoid ultra-processed foods, high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt foods
Provide extra care during pregnancy and lactation: Ensure pregnant and lactating people receive extra food and healthcare.

(a) Sleeping Cycle Patterns of the humans.
A chronotype is your natural tendency to sleep at a certain time of night. It’s often referred to as being a morning person (lark) or a night owl (owl). Your chronotype is influenced by your genes and your circadian rhythm, which is your internal 24-hour clock.
There are four main chronotypes:
Morning larks: These people are naturally early risers and go to bed early. They feel most alert and productive in the morning and tend to become tired earlier in the evening.
Evening owls: These people are night owls who prefer to stay up late and sleep in. They feel most alert and productive in the evening and tend to have trouble waking up early.
Moderate types: Most people fall somewhere in between these two extremes. They may be flexible with their sleep schedule and can adjust to different sleep patterns.
Dolphins: This is a less common chronotype that is characterized by irregular sleep patterns. People with this chronotype may have trouble sticking to a consistent sleep schedule and may nap frequently.
Knowing your chronotype can help you understand your natural sleep-wake patterns and improve your sleep quality. It can also help you plan your day more effectively by scheduling your most important tasks for the times when you are most alert.

(b) 1 and 2 only
The basins formed by inland drainage are called playas. Rapidsare formed in youthstage of river. They are alsofound in Aksai Chin and in some parts ofcalcareous region in eastern coast.

(d) Saline Soil
Saline soils are also known as Usara soils. Their structure ranges from sandy to loamy. They lack in nitrogen and calcium.

(c) An active stratovolcano in Indonesia.
Merapi is an active volcano located in Central Java, Indonesia. Its name means “Mountain of Fire” in the Javanese language. With a history of frequent and occasionally violent eruptions, it is one of the most dangerous and active volcanoes in the world.