(c) Only three pairs
In 1969, the country’s first nuclear power plant, Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS), went operational in Maharashtra. It was built with technical assistance from the United States and marked the beginning of India’s journey into nuclear power generation.
The civilian nuclear program in India is governed by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), which operates under the Prime Minister’s Office.
Nuclear energy is the fifth-largest source of electricity for India which contributes about 3% of the total electricity generation in the country.
India has over 22 nuclear reactors in 7 power plants across the country which produces 6780 MW of nuclear power. In addition, one reactor, Kakrapar Atomic Power Project (KAPP-3) has also been connected to the grid in January- 2021.
18 reactors are Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and 4 are Light Water Reactors (LWRs).
The world’s first thorium-based nuclear plant, “Bhavni,” using Uranium-233, is being set up at Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu. This plant will be entirely indigenous and will be the first of its kind. The experimental thorium plant “Kamini” already exists in Kalpakkam.
In India, some nuclear reactors (Some use imported uranium and others use domestic supplies) are kept under “IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) safeguards”.
IAEA safeguards are a set of technical safeguards applied by IAEA to independently verify any nuclear facilities to check if it is not misused or deviated from peaceful uses. Under Article 3 of the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty, all the nonnuclear weapon states are required to conclude a safeguard agreement with IAEA.
Total 26 of India’s nuclear facilities are under IAEA safeguard. The two Russian PLWR and two PHW reactors are recently brought under IAEA safeguards.
This is to ensure that imported uranium was not diverted for military use and to assure that the imported uranium is used to generate nuclear energy for civilian purposes.
Name of Nuclear Power Station Location Operator Capacity
Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (1993) Gujarat NPCIL 440
Kalpakkam Atomic Power Station (1984) Tamil Nadu NPCIL 440
Narora Atomic Power Station (1991) Uttar Pradesh NPCIL 440
Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant (2000) Karnataka NPCIL 880
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (1973) Rajasthan NPCIL 1,180
Tarapur Atomic Power Station (1969) Maharashtra NPCIL 1,400
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (2013) Tamil Nadu NPCIL 2,000
** The Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS) is located at Rawatbhata in Rajasthan, India

(c) All three
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital identifiers that are recorded on a blockchain to certify authenticity and ownership. NFTs are unique and cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided. They are created using smart contracts, and the smart contract code is incorporated into the token when it’s minted.
NFTs are blockchain-based tokens that represent unique assets, such as digital content, media, or a piece of art. They are cryptographic assets that are created using the same programming language as crypto currencies. However, NFTs are unique and cannot be exchanged or traded like other cryptocurrencies.
They have also been criticized for being volatile and highly speculative and vulnerable to scams.
NFTs can represent real-world items like artwork and real estate.
“Tokenizing” these real-world tangible assets makes buying, selling, and trading them more efficient while reducing the probability of fraud.
Unlike cryptocurrencies, they cannot be traded or exchanged at equivalency. (Statement 3 is correct)
This differs from fungible tokens like cryptocurrencies, which are identical to each other and, therefore, can serve as a medium for commercial transactions.
Fungible means something can be traded or exchanged for something else of the same kind. Non-fungible means something is unique and can’t be replaced.
Typically contain references to digital files such as photos, videos, and audio. Because NFTs are uniquely identifiable, they differ from cryptocurrencies, which are fungible. The market value of an NFT is associated with the digital file it references. NFTs can also function to represent individuals’ identities, property rights, and more.

(c) Only three
Monsoon rainfall over India is known to be strongly influenced by El Nino and La Nina events, the alternating warming and cooling of the eastern Pacific Ocean that impacts weather across the world.
This is the first time that air quality in Indian cities has been linked to a La Nina event — and indirectly to climate change.
During October to January, northern Indian cities, particularly Delhi, experience very high concentrations of PM2.5.
A variety of meteorological factors — temperature, moisture, heaviness in air (NOT Light Air Density), wind speed and direction — play a role in trapping pollutants in the lower levels of the atmosphere.
These variables are also responsible for carrying pollutants from other places, particularly those produced by agricultural waste burning in Punjab and Haryana, to Delhi and its surrounding areas.
The western and southern parts of the country have always had relatively lower levels of pollution, because of their proximity to oceans.

(b) Maulana Hasrat Mohani
Maulana Hasrat Mohani proposed that Swaraj should be defined as complete independence free from all foreign control in 1921 when he was presiding over the session of All India Muslim League in Lucknow.

(d) 1, 2 and 3
Web 3.0 represents the next iteration or phase of the evolution of the web/internet and potentially could be as disruptive and represent as big a paradigm shift as Web 2.0 did. Web 3.0 is built upon the core concepts of decentralization, openness, and greater user utility.
Presently, only centralized repositories are the ones that own user data and profit from it. In Web 3.0, users can own and be properly compensated for their time and data. In Web 3.0 people will control their own data. (Statement 1 is correct)
Web 3.0 will be permissionless and democratic. For example Twitter will not be able to censor posts and Facebook will not be able to maintain a database of billions of users that can be potentially used to influence elections. Thus people can maintain blockchain based social networks in Web 3.0. (Statement 2 is correct)
Web3 will mean that sharing photos, communicating with friends and buying things online will no longer by synonymous with Big Tech companies but be done through a multitude of small competing services on the blockchain. It means that all the value that’s created can be shared amongst more people, rather than just the owners, investors and employees. Thus it is operated by users collectively rather than corporation. (Statement 3 is correct)