(c) All three
National Urban Cooperative Finance and Development Corporation Limited (NUCFDC) is an umbrella organisation of the UCBs.
NUCFDC has obtained approval from the RBI, authorizing it to function as a Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC) and serve as the apex body for the urban cooperative banking sector.
NUCFDC has been granted the status of a Self-Regulatory Organisation (SRO) for the sector, empowering it to oversee and regulate various aspects of urban cooperative banking operations.
The organization intends to deploy its capital resources towards bolstering the financial capabilities of UCBs, including the development of a shared technology infrastructure to enhance service delivery and reduce operational costs.
Apart from providing financial liquidity and capital assistance, NUCFDC will establish a collaborative technology platform accessible to all UCBs, enabling them to expand their service offerings efficiently and affordably.

(b) UNICEF
Report, published by Health Effects Institute, a US-based research organization, in partnership with UNICEF, presents information on exposures to and health impacts of exposure to common air pollutants including fine particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, from 1990–2021.
Globally, air pollution accounted for the 2nd largest risk factor of death (8.1 million deaths) in 2021, after High blood pressure.
India and China together accounted for 54% of the total global disease burden linked to air pollution.
Nearly 50% of all ozone-related Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) deaths were in India in 2021.

(c) Both 1 and 2
Attributable Reasons for Rice Cultivation and Global Warming:
There are two possible reasons attributable to rice cultivation and global warming:
1. Methane emission due to anaerobic conditions: Rice cultivation involves flooding the fields with water to create anaerobic conditions for the rice plants to grow. However, this also leads to the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, which produces methane gas as a byproduct. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential much higher than carbon dioxide.
Therefore, the extensive rice cultivation in some regions can contribute significantly to global warming through methane emissions.
2. Nitrous oxide emission due to fertilizer use: Nitrogen-based fertilizers are commonly used in rice cultivation to enhance plant growth and increase yield. However, the use of these fertilizers can also lead to the release of nitrous oxide gas from the soil. Nitrous oxide is another potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential almost 300 times higher than carbon dioxide. Therefore, the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in rice cultivation can also contribute to global warming through nitrous oxide emissions.

(d) None
After the death of the Gauda King Shashanka, Bengal passed through a period of chaos and confusion for almost a century. The internal disorder made Bengal vulnerable to the external invasion. To end the prevailing environment of anarchy, leading members of Gauda met at an assembly and elected Gopala as their king. Thus, Gopala (also Known as Gopala-I) became the founder of the famous Pala dynasty of Bengal around 750 AD.
The Pala rule was monarchical in nature with the king being the centre of all the power. Pala kings generally adopted imperial titles like Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara and Paramvattaraka. The Pala kings also appointed Prime Ministers for better administration of the kingdom.
Administratively, the Pala Empire was divided into several Bhuktis (Provinces). Bhuktis were further divided into Vishayas (Divisions) and Mandalas (Districts). The Smaller units were known as Khandala, Bhaga, Avritti, Chaturaka, and Pattaka. Thus, it is evident that administration covered widespread area from the grass root level to the imperial court.
Nalanda University was founded in the 5th century CE by Kumargupta. The Pala emperor Dharmapala (783–820 CE) established Vikramashila in response to a perceived decline in the quality of scholarship at Nalanda.
The Palas were also important promoters of classical Indian philosophy, literature, painting, and sculpture. They built grand temples and monasteries, including the Somapura Mahavihara.

(c) Explanation: Our Solar system consists of eight planets. The nebula from which our Solar system is supposed to have been formed started its collapse and core formation some time 5-5.6 billion years ago and the planets were formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Our solar system consists of the sun (the star), 8 planets, 63 moons, millions of smaller bodies like asteroids and comets and huge quantity of dust-grains and gases. All the planets were formed in the same period sometime about 4.6 billion years ago. Till recently (August 2006), Pluto was also considered a planet. However, in a meeting of the International Astronomical Union, a decision was taken that Pluto like other celestial objects discovered in recent past may be called ‘dwarf planet’.