(a) Both statements are true
• The Indian National Army’s (INA) “Quit India” slogan resonated with Indian prisoner-of-war (POW) recruits in Southeast Asia after the fall of Singapore.
• The INA was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists and POWs during World War II. Mohan Singh established the INA in 1942, and it was initially supported by the Japanese Empire.
• After the fall of Singapore, around 40,000 Indian POWs were ready to join the INA, but they awaited an invitation from the Indian National Congress and the people of India. The Quit India Movement in India provided a boost to the INA.

(d) Mahi
The Mahi River is the only river in India that crosses the Tropic of Cancer twice. The Mahi River originates in Madhya Pradesh and flows into the Arabian Sea after passing through Rajasthan and Gujarat. The Mahi River crosses the Tropic of Cancer twice, first in Madhya Pradesh and then again in Gujarat.
River Narmada: It is the largest west flowing river. It acts as the boundary between North and South India. It originates in the Amarkantak plateau, where the Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges meet. It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat before emptying into the Arabian Sea.
River Tapti: It is a river in central India, located to the south of the Narmada River, and drains into the Arabian Sea. The Tapti River is located in Madhya Pradesh.
River Chambal: It originates at Singar Chouri peak in Vindhya ranges in Madhya Pradesh. It is a tributary of the Yamuna River. It lies in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.

(c) All three
Classification of Nagara Style of Temple Architecture Based on the Style of Shikhara
Latina/ Rekha-Prasada: It is the simple and most common type of shikhara. It is square at the base and the walls curve or slopes inwards to a point on top. Latina types are mainly used for housing the garbhagriha. Later on, the Latina buildings grew complex, and instead of appearing like a single tower, the temple began to support many small towers, which were clustered together like rising mountain type with the tallest one being in the centre, and this was the one which was always above the garbhagriha. For Example, Early medieval temples such as the Markhera Sun Temple in Madhya Pradesh and Sri Jagannath Temple in Orissa.
Phamsana: Compared to Latina structures, Phamsana structures are often wider and shorter. In contrast to the Latina ones, which have roofs that resemble rapidly rising towering towers, theirs are made of several slabs that rise gradually to a single point over the middle of the building. Phamsana rooftops have a straight upward slope rather than an inward bend. The main Garbhagriha is housed in a Latina structure, while the mandapas are often constructed using the Phamsana style in North Indian temples.
Valabh: Valabhi style of temple architecture is square structures with roofs that rise into vaulted spaces. The domed chamber’s edge is rounded, just like the wagons made of bamboo or wood that bullocks would have hauled in the past. They are frequently referred to as “wagon-vaulted buildings.” The shape of the temple was influenced by prehistoric building styles that were in use before the fifth century CE.
Shekari: The Shikhara, a kind of Latina, consists of a central Rekha-prasad Shikhara and one or more rows of his smaller towers on either side. Mini Shikhara is also installed on the pedestal and corners. One of the most well-known temples of this type is the Khajuraho Hokandari Yamahadev Temple.
Bhumija: The Bhumija architecture created in Malwa during the reign of the Paramara dynasty was another sort of Nagara temple that emerged from the Latina style. These temples have flat, upward-tapering extensions divided into quadrants by tapering spires and a central Latin cusp in the center. With both horizontal and vertical carving, it is a miniature Shikhara at the Udayeshwar Temple in Madhya Pradesh.

a) New species of cascade frog discovered in Arunachal Pradesh
The Amolops adicola is a new species of cascade frog discovered in Arunachal Pradesh, India. The frog is brown in color and is about 4–7 cm in size. The frog is named after the Adi hills, which are home to the Adi tribe, an indigenous group of people from the Himalayan regions of Arunachal Pradesh. The literal meaning of Adi in the local language is “hill” or “mountain top”.
The Amolops genus is one of the largest groups of ranid frogs, with 73 known species. They are widely distributed across northeast and north India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, through Indochina to the Malaya peninsula.

(a) A work of grammar
Tolkappiyam: The Sangam literature includes Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, and two epics named – Silappathikaram and Manimegalai .Tolkappiyam was authored by Tolkappiyar and is considered the earliest of Tamil literary works. Though it is a work on Tamil grammar, it also provides insights into the political and socio-economic conditions of the time. It is a unique work on grammar and poetics, in its three parts of nine sections each, deals with Ezhuttu(letter), Col (word) and Porul (subject matter).