(a) Only one
The Doctrine of Basic Structure was established in the Kesavananda Bharati case, not the Golaknath case. Additionally, the Doctrine states that Parliament cannot alter the basic features of the Constitution, not just its federal character. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
The Constitution does not explicitly mention secularism, federalism, and judicial review as integral features of the Basic Structure. These features have been inferred by the Supreme Court through its judgments. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
The Kesavananda Bharati case is the landmark case that established the Doctrine of Basic Structure and limited Parliament’s amending power. (Statement 3 is correct)

(d) None
William Finch: Visited Ayodhya between 1608 and 1611, and wrote about his visit in William Foster’s book Early Travels in India.
Sikh traveller Dhanna Singh who visited Ayodhya in the first half of the 20th century recorded the Sikh history associated with the city and also the tales about the birth of Ram. However, he did not mention either the Babri mosque or any dispute over its land in his tra.
William Finch arrived in India in August 1608, landing in Surat, and wrote about his Ayodhya visit. The account has been taken from William Foster’s book Early Travels in India. Finch visited Ayodhya between 1608 and 1611, when Jahangir ruled the Mughal Empire. Calling Ayodhya a “city of ancient note”.

(b) The emergence of various ideologies within the Indian National Congress made Gandhiji realize his declining influence on INC.
In the early 1930’s Gandhiji was convinced that he was out of tune with powerful trends in the Congress. He felt that a large section of the intelligentsia favoured parliamentary politics with which he was in fundamental disagreement.
Another section of the intelligentsia felt estranged from the Congress because of his emphasis on the spinning wheel as ‘the second lung of the nation,’ on Harijan work based on a moral and religious approach, and on other items of the constructive programme. Similarly, the socialist group, whose leader was Jawaharlal, was growing in influence and importance but he had fundamental differences with it.
Yet the Socialists felt constrained by the weight of his personality. As he put it: ‘But I would not, by reason of the moral pressure I may be able to exert, suppress the spread of the ideas propounded in their literature.’ Thus, vis-a-vis both groups, ‘for me to dominate the Congress in spite of these fundamental differences is almost a species of violence which I must refrain from.’
Hence, in October 1934, he announced his resignation from the Congress ‘only to serve it better in thought, word and deed.

(d) Article 324 of the Constitution establishes the ECI as a constitutional body.
The ECI’s primary function is conducting elections as mentioned.
The ECI shoulders the significant responsibility of conducting elections to various levels of government in India. This includes elections to the Lok Sabha (Lower House of Parliament), Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament), State Legislative Assemblies, and the offices of the President and Vice President. By efficiently managing these diverse elections, the ECI safeguards the democratic process in the country.
The Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners have a fixed tenure of six years and can only be removed through impeachment like a judge.

(c) 3 only
Article 3 assigns to Parliament the power to enact legislation for the formation of new States. Parliament may create new States in a number of ways, namely by (i) separating territory from any State, (ii) uniting two or more States, (iii) uniting parts of States and (iv) uniting any territory to a part of any State. Parliament’s power under Article 3 extends to increasing or diminishing the area of any State and altering the boundaries or name of any State. But first, a bill on the matter has to be referred by the President to the legislature of the affected state so that the legislature can express its views within a certain period. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
Article 4 of the Constitution declares that laws made for establishment or admission of new states
(Article 2) and formation of new states and alteration. of areas, boundaries or names of states are not to be considered as an amendment to the Constitution under Article 368. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
In the Berubari union case, 1960 the SC held that the power of Parliament to diminish the area of a state does not cover the cession of Indian Territory to a foreign country. However, in 1969, the SC held that the boundary disputes could be settled by executive action as it does not involve any cession of territory. (Statement 3 is correct)