(d) None
A cloudburst is a natural phenomenon that involves a sudden, heavy downpour of rain over a small area, usually within 20–30 square kilometers. Cloudbursts are defined by the amount of rainfall, with the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classifying 100 mm of rain as a cloudburst in one hour. Cloudbursts can also be accompanied by hail and thunder.
Cloudbursts are a type of geo-hydrological hazard that can cause erosion and inundation, resulting in significant losses. They often occur in high-altitude regions, such as hills and mountains, due to low-pressure areas that form at the top of mountains. These low-pressure areas accumulate clouds with great force, resulting in orographic precipitation.
In India, cloudbursts are generally observed in the Himalayan region. For example, a cloudburst triggered by heavy rains caused one person to drown and four others to go missing in the Himachal Pradesh landslide.
Lightning can heat the air it passes through to 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit, which is five times hotter than the surface of the sun. The intense electrical current from a lightning strike causes the air around it to heat up instantly. This causes the air molecules to expand explosively. The air then rapidly cools and contracts immediately after the flash.

(d) Rummindei Pillar Inscription
The Rummindei Pillar Inscription, also known as the Lumbini Pillar Edict, confirms the tradition that Gautama Buddha was born in Lumbini. The inscription is located in Nepal and describes Ashoka’s visit to Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha, sometime after the 20th year of his reign. The inscription mentions that Ashoka made offerings personally, reduced taxes for the people living in the area, and exempted the village of Lumbini from bali and bhaga.

(d) pepper
In Sanskrit texts, the term ‘Yavanapriya’ was used to refer to pepper. During ancient times, the inhabitants of Central Asia were known as ‘Yavanas’ in India. These individuals had a fondness for pepper and imported substantial quantities of it from India. Consequently, pepper came to be known as ‘Yavanapriya’, indicating its popularity among the Yavanas.

(d) All four
The ZED scheme encourages the MSME sector to manufacture products with zero defect and zero effect on the environment. This can lead to: Assured customers, Reduced wastage, Increased productivity, Expanded markets, Energy savings.
The Ministry of MSME also provides support to MSMEs under the ZED certification scheme. This includes:
• Financial assistance for testing, quality, and product certification
• Subsidy on handholding support
• Subsidy on technology up gradation for zero effect solutions
MSMEs that submit a ZED certificate receive a 25% concession on processing fees. The government also provides up to Rs 5 lakh per MSME for handholding and consultancy support to help them move towards ZED solutions.

(b) 1, 2 and 4
H. N. Sanyal committee set up in 1961 made a comprehensive examination of the law and problems relating to contempt of court. The recommendations of the committee were generally accepted. Pursuant to the report of the committee, the Contempt of Court Act, 1971 was passed by the parliament.
● Article 129 and 215 of the Constitution of India empower the Supreme Court and High Court respectively to punish people for their respective contempt.
● The Contempt of Courts Act of 1971 (and not the Constitution) defines civil and criminal contempt respectively. (Statement 3 is incorrect)
● Article 142 (2) states that “subject to the provisions of any law made in this behalf by Parliament” the Supreme Court shall have all and every power to make any order on punishment of any contempt of itself. Therefore, the Parliament can make laws on Contempt of Court.