(b) Only two
Biomethanation – It is anaerobic digestion of organic materials which is converted into biogas.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a bacterial fermentation process that operates without free oxygen and results in a biogas
Incineration – Incineration technology is complete combustion of waste with the recovery of heat to produce steam that in turn produces power through steam turbines. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
Gasification – Gasification is a process that uses high temperatures (500-1800o C) in the presence of limited amounts of oxygen to decompose materials to produce synthetic gas. (Statement 3 is incorrect)
Pyrolysis – Pyrolysis uses heat to break down combustible materials in the absence of oxygen, producing a mixture of combustible gases, liquids and solid residues.

(c) Both 1 and 2
According to data from the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), the number of candidates with criminal charges elected to Parliament in India has been on the rise since 2004.
In 2004, 24% of parliamentarians had pending criminal cases, which rose to 43% in 2019.
In a petition filed in Feb 2023, it was claimed that there has been an increase of 44% in the number of MPs with declared criminal cases since 2009.
In the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, 159 MPs had declared serious criminal cases against them, including those of rape, murder, attempt to murder, kidnapping, crimes against women.
Section 8 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, bans convicted politicians (for certain offences) from contesting. However, those facing trial, no matter how serious the charges, are free to contest.
According to Article 102 (1) of the Constitution, Parliament is obliged to make a law on the matter.

(c) All three
Madhya Pradesh has the highest number of leopards (3,907), followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. (Statement 1 is correct)
Karnataka has the highest elephant population in India, with an estimated 6,395 as of 2023. This is an increase from 6,049 in 2017. The census was conducted from May 17–19, 2023, using direct and indirect methods. (Statement 2 is correct)
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has released a report on the Status of Leopards in India 2022. The survey covered 20 States of India, and focussed on about 70% of the animals’ expected habitat.
Recently, the Union Government, while commemorating the 50th anniversary of Project Tiger, has approved the establishment of the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) with headquarters in India with a one-time budgetary support of Rs.150 crore for a period of five years from 2023-24 to 2027-28.
Madhya Pradesh has the highest number of leopards (3,907), followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. (Statement 3 is correct)

(c) Astrobleme
India has three of these meteor impact craters – Ramgarh in Rajasthan, Lonar in Maharashtra and Dhala in Madhya Pradesh. Interestingly, these meteor impact craters are called Astroblemes. When translated from Greek, they mean star wound.
Estimated to have formed some 2500 million years ago, the Dhala Crater is the oldest and the largest impact crater in India. It is located in Shivpuri district in Madhya Pradesh.

(d) Separation of powers
Separation of powers: It is the division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government. It minimizes the possibility of arbitrary excesses by the government since the sanction of all three branches is required for the making, executing, and administering of laws. The constitutional demarcation precludes the concentration of excessive power by any branch of the Government. In the liberal approach which is inherent in democracy, all forms of power are rooted in the will of the people. Separation of powers should be secured between the legislature and the executive.
The judiciary should be separated from these. Any concentration or combination of these powers can be dangerous for Liberty. The Executive should not exercise the legislative or judicial powers because this may threaten the freedom and liberty of individuals. The Legislative should never exercise the executive or judicial powers as this may lead to arbitrariness and hence, end the liberty. The Judiciary should not exercise the executive or legislative powers because then a judge would behave like a dictator. Constitutional Provisions Ensuring Separation of Power.