(b) Only two statements are correct (1st and 2nd)
India has developed and operates a Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) at Kalpakkam: This statement is correct. India operates the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu.
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, in which India is a participant, is being constructed in Southern France: This statement is also correct. ITER is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject, and India is one of the participating countries.
While India has significant thorium reserves and plans to use thorium-based reactors in the future, currently, uranium is the primary fuel used in India’s nuclear reactors. (3rd statement is incorrect)

(b) Only two statements are correct (1st and 2nd)
Carbon financing involves the trading of carbon credits, which are permits that allow the holder to emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases. The goal is to reduce overall emissions by creating a financial incentive for companies to reduce their carbon footprint.
The Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty, established the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to facilitate carbon financing. The CDM allows industrialized countries to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries as a way to meet their own emission reduction targets.
Carbon credits can be traded not only between countries but also between private entities. This flexibility is a key feature of carbon markets, allowing for a broader participation in emission reduction efforts. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

(c) All three statements are correct
The WHO report states that India is second only to China in the cases of Hepatitis B and C.
According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, India had the second highest number of hepatitis B and C cases after China with 35 million infections in 2022.
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can cause a variety of health problems and can be fatal.
Globally, 254 million people were infected with hepatitis B, and 50 million were infected with hepatitis C in 2022, according to WHO’s 2024 Global Hepatitis Report released on 9 April.
In terms of viral hepatitis, India was second only to China, with 29.8 million hepatitis B cases in 2022 and 5.5 million hepatitis C infections.
There are five main types of hepatitis viruses, called types A, B, C, D, and E.
Although they all cause liver disease, they differ in important ways, including methods of transmission, severity of disease, geographic distribution, and methods of prevention.

(a) Number theory and the discovery of “Kaprekar’s constants”
Dattaraya Ramchandra Kaprekar was born at Dahanu near Bombay. He discovered the shortest possible routes to solve mathematical problems. In 1927, he won the wrangler R. P. Paranjpe Mathematical Prize for an Original Piece of work in mathematics. He discovered ‘Kaprekar Constant’ in 1946. It is the number “6174”. The constant 6174 is arrived at and this number then generates itself into one set of numbers called “self-numbers” that is also known by his name. Kaprekar passed away in 1988.

(c) All the pairs are correctly matched
Kakrapar Atomic Power Station is located in Gujarat.
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is located in Tamil Nadu.
Narora Atomic Power Station is located in Uttar Pradesh.
Tarapur Atomic Power Station is located in Maharashtra.