Explanation:
 Khilafat Movement: During the post-World War I period, there was growing resentment among Indians due to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the Rowlatt Act and the treatment given out by the British Empire to the Turkish Khalifa. These developments created the ground for a more broad-based mass movement against British rule.
 In this backdrop, the Khilafat issue proved to be an opportunity for Gandhi to bring Hindus and Muslims together in fighting against the colossal colonial empire. The Khilafat Movement, together with the Non-cooperation Movement, marked the beginning of a new phase of the Indian national movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.

Chittagong Armoury Raid
 The Chittagong armory raid, also known as the Chittagong uprising, was an attempt on 18 April 1930 by armed Indian independence fighters led by Surya Sen to raid the armory of police and auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armory in the Bengal Presidency of British India (now in Bangladesh).
 They were inspired by the Easter Rising in Ireland in 1916.
 However, the Communists in Soviet Russia had a greater ideological influence on them. Many of these raiders later joined the Communist Party.
 The plan was put into action on the night of April 18, 1930. Ganesh Ghosh captured the police armory that night. Lokenath Bal took over the Auxiliary Force armory. However, the ammunition was not found.
 They disrupted telephone and telegraph communications, as well as train movement. This conspiracy was carried out by 65 people in the name of the Indian Republican Army.
 After that, the revolutionaries gathered outside the police armory, where Surya Sen took a military salute, hoisted the National Flag, and declared a Provisional Revolutionary Government. They then fled to the hills.

Explanation:
Simon Commission, also known as the Indian Statutory Commission is a group appointed to study constitutional reform in India. The purpose of the Simon Commission was to report on the workings of the Indian constitution established by the Government of India Act of 1919. Simon Commission was appointed under the supervision of Sir John Simon. The Simon Commission received severe criticism since it did not consist of any Indians. The commission was boycotted by the Indian National Congress and most other Indian political parties.
Important Recommendations
 The Diarchy system of administration in the provinces is to be abolished, and representative governments will be established in its place.
 It suggested that the separate electorates be kept in place until communal violence and tension subsided.
 It advocated for a Federation-style structure at the center, with a ‘Council of Greater India’ representing both British India and the princely states’ interests.
 It proposed reserving seats for the poorest classes.

Explanation:
Statement 1: This is correct. The Wavell Plan proposed an Executive Council with equal representation for Indians and British members, except for the Viceroy and Commander-in-Chief.
Statement 2: This is incorrect. The Congress rejected the Wavell Plan due to its limited concession towards independence and concerns about power disparity within the proposed council.
Statement 3: This is correct. The Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, demanded a separate electorate for Muslims and greater political autonomy, which wasn’t addressed in the Wavell Plan.
Statement 4: This is incorrect. While the failure of the Wavell Plan initially led to frustration and disappointment, it ultimately had a mixed impact on the Indian nationalist movement. On one hand, it further fueled anti-colonial sentiment and contributed to the rise of radical factions. On the other hand, it also highlighted the need for unity and compromise among different Indian communities, paving the way for future negotiations and eventually leading to independence.

Explanation:
Morley-Minto reforms – The Indian Councils Act 1909 was an act of the British Parliament that introduced a few reforms in the legislative councils and increased the involvement of Indians (limited) in the governance of British India.
It was more commonly called the Morley-Minto Reforms after the Secretary of State for India John Morley and the Viceroy of India, Minto. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
It retained an official majority in the Central Legislative Council but allowed the provincial legislative councils to have a non-official majority. (Statement 3 is correct)
In 1906, a group of 35 Muslim leaders led by Aga Khan III met with Lord Minto, the Viceroy of India, at the Viceregal Lodge in Shimla. The group, known as the Shimla Deputation, demanded greater political representation for Muslims. The Muslim leaders wanted a separate electorate where Muslim voters could only vote for Muslim candidates. The Act ‘legalized communalism’ and Lord Minto came to be known as the Father of Communal Electorate. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
The Act did nothing to grant colonial self-government, which was Congress’s demand.
Representation: The reforms introduced communal representation and separate electorates for Muslims.
Participation: The reforms increased Indian participation in legislative councils, especially at the provincial level.
Elections: The reforms introduced the concept of elections for Indians, but voting was dependent on the amount of tax paid to the government.
Executive councils: The reforms allowed Indians to join the executive councils of the Viceroy and Governors for the first time.
Legislative councils: The reforms increased the size of legislative councils.
Nominations: The reforms empowered the Governor General to nominate one Indian member to the Executive Council.