(a) Only one pair
Red Revolution Meat Production / Tomato Production
Silver Revolution Egg / Poultry Production
Black Revolution Petroleum Products
White Revolution Milk production
Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton Production

*Saffron is also known as Red Gold

: (a) 1st Amendment
Objectives of the First Amendment Act was to amend Article 19(1)(a) to address the issues arising from the judicial interpretations of the Fundamental Rights, particularly the right to freedom of speech and expression and the right to property. The amendment added two new clauses to Article 19, which dealt with restrictions on the right to freedom of speech.
•It empowered the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and economically backward classes.
•It provided for the saving of laws providing for the acquisition of estates, etc.
•It added the Ninth Schedule to the Constitution, which protects certain laws from judicial review.
•It added three more grounds of restrictions on freedom of speech and expression, namely, public order, friendly relations with foreign states and incitement to an offence. It also made the restrictions ‘reasonable’ and thus, justiciable in nature.
•It provided that state trading and nationalization of any trade or business by the state is not to be invalid on the ground of violation of the right to trade or business.
(b) The 42nd Amendment, enacted in 1976, is known as the “Mini-Constitution” and introduced several changes to the Constitution, including the expansion of the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Fundamental Duties. It also made the President bound by the advice of the Council of Ministers
(c) The 44th Amendment, enacted in 1978, aimed to reverse some of the changes made by the 42nd Amendment. It restored some of the powers of the judiciary, removed the right to property from the list of Fundamental Rights, and introduced safeguards against the misuse of emergency provisions.
(d) The 86th Amendment, enacted in 2002, added the right to education as a Fundamental Right under Article 21A, making it the responsibility of the state to provide free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.

(a) Assam
Section 6A was a special provision inserted into the 1955 Act in furtherance of a Memorandum of Settlement called the Assam Accord signed on August 15, 1985 by the Rajiv Gandhi government. Under Section 6A, foreigners who had entered Assam before January 1, 1966, and been “ordinarily resident” in the State, would have all the rights and obligations of Indian citizens.
Those who had entered the State between January 1, 1966 and March 25, 1971 would have the same rights and obligations, except that they would not be able to vote for 10 years.

(a) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Recently, the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2023 has been released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is an international measure of acute multidimensional poverty covering over 100 developing countries. It complements traditional monetary poverty measures by capturing the acute deprivations in health, education, and living standards that a person faces simultaneously.
The global MPI was developed by (Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) with the UN Development Programme (UNDP) for inclusion in UNDP’s flagship Human Development Report in 2010. It has been published annually by OPHI and in the HDRs ever since.
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index: dimensions and indicators of poverty.