Answer: (D)
Explanation:
The State being named Karnataka, signifying the Kannada speaking region, was a dream from the times of the unification struggle that bore fruit only in 1973. Historians and linguistic scholars date the name “Karnataka”, or its earlier forms as referring to this region, to the Before Common Era (BCE). It was used not only as a name for this region, but also to describe the language spoken here. Both Karnataka and Kannada, have common etymology, scholars opine. “One of the earlier references is in the Sanskrit Mahabharata (6th century BCE) while listing out various janapadas. It’s referred to as ‘Karnaataaha’ in Sabha Parva and ‘Karnatikaaha’ in Bhishma Parva. References to the word have been noted by scholars in Shudraka’s Mricchakatika (4th century CE), Varahamihira’s Kathasaritsagara (6th Century CE) as well,” said Kannada scholar and linguist Purushothama Bilimale.
Historical use
The Vijayanagara Empire, which was in fact called Karnataka Samrajya, had river Krishna as its northern boundary but went down south further beyond today’s modern State boundaries.
Karnataka Samrajya
Historian Vasundhara Filliozat has argued that what we now know as the Vijayanagara Empire was in fact called the ‘Karnataka Samrajya’. Ms. Filliozat said Vijayanagara was the name of the capital, while several contemporary epigraphic and literary sources clearly say the empire was called Karnataka Samrajya. For instance, an inscription from Srishailam praises King Harihara II of the empire as “Karnāa rājya lakmī karāvatasa” (the ornament in the ears of Karnata Rajya Lakshmi). The inscription dates back to CE 1405. Another Jain inscription in Kuppaturu in Soraba taluk, Shivamogga district, from CE 1408 mentions ‘Karnatakadesam’.
In another Jain inscription from Bhatkal dating back to CE 1430, the then king Devaraya II is described among other adjectives as “Karāadesada mahārājadhāni Vijayānagarada puravarādhīsvara”, clearly indicating VIjayanagar was the capital while empire was called “Karnatadesa” or “Karnataka Samrajya.”

Answer: (D)
Explanation:
All the statements are correct: This 10 October marks the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the Minamata Convention, a deal that has been hailed as a triumph of international diplomacy. Some 147 parties have ratified the agreement, which calls for countries to phase out mercury use in products, ban the opening of new mercury mines and limit the emission of mercury into the environment.
The convention is hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which has for nearly three decades worked to limit the fallout from mercury pollution.
The Global Environment Facility, a UNFCCC-designated funding agency providing grant and concessional loan to developing countries, is replenished every four years. A similar approach has been borrowed into the Green Climate Fund (GCF) by the developed countries to mobilise finance. The GCF, set up to administer a portion of the $100 billion for developing country parties to switch over to low-emissions and climate resilient development path, had its second replenishment on October 5, 2023.