(d) All four statements are correct
India has been re-elected to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Council for the 2024-25 biennium with the highest tally. This re-election underscores India’s influential role in the international maritime arena and reflects the global community’s recognition of the country’s contributions to seaborne trade.
The IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The primary goal of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is to promote cooperation among its member countries for the improvement of maritime safety and the prevention of marine pollution from ships. It also plays a significant role in ensuring the protection of the marine environment. (1st and 2nd statements are correct)
The Assembly is the highest governing body of the IMO which meets every two years and consists of all member states. (3rd statement is correct)
The IMO adopts binding regulations for the maritime industry through conventions such as the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). (4th statement is correct)

(b) Only two statements are correct (2nd and 3rd)
The Creator Economy is largely driven by individual content creators who leverage digital platforms (such as YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, etc.) rather than traditional media companies or established brands. These creators earn revenue through multiple channels like brand partnerships, subscriptions, merchandise sales, and fan support, not just through advertisements and subscriptions in the traditional media sense. (1st statement is incorrect)
The Creator Economy has led to the rise of new professions such as social media influencers, podcasters, and online course creators. (2nd statement is correct)
The Creator Economy has democratized content creation, allowing individuals from diverse backgrounds to earn a livelihood through their creative skills. (3rd statement is correct)

(d) All four statements are correct
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT), under the Ministry of Science and Technology, plays a pivotal role in formulating and implementing policies related to biotechnology in India. It is a key body responsible for advancing the biotechnology sector and is central to the “Bio-Vision” for Bharat.
National Biotechnology Development Strategy (NBDS) (2015–2020) was developed as part of India’s strategy to promote biotechnology. It aims to boost innovation, research, and applications in the biotechnology sector, focusing on key areas like healthcare, agriculture, and environmental sustainability.
Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) is an initiative of DBT that supports the development and commercialization of biotechnology products and innovations. It plays an important role in facilitating research and providing funding for biotech startups, aligning with the goals of the “Bio-Vision” for Bharat.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India’s apex body for medical research, works closely with DBT on health-related biotechnology projects, including the development of vaccines, diagnostics, and therapies. It contributes significantly to India’s biotechnology advancements in the health sector.

(b) Gulf of Guinea
Accra is located on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, which is part of the Atlantic Ocean off the western coast of Africa. The Gulf of Guinea lies along the southern coast of West Africa, and Accra, as the capital of Ghana, is one of the major coastal cities in this region.

(a) 1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B
Operation Vijay: This was the operation conducted by India in 1961 to liberate Goa from Portuguese rule, which was a part of India’s effort to free the remaining Portuguese-controlled territories.
Operation Cactus: This was an Indian military intervention in the Maldives in 1988 to prevent a coup attempt against the Maldivian government. The operation helped restore stability in the country.
Operation Meghdoot: This was India’s military operation to gain control over the Siachen Glacier in Jammu and Kashmir, which began in 1984. It is considered one of the highest battlegrounds in the world.
Operation Bluestar: This was a military operation carried out in 1984 to remove Sikh militants, led by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, who had taken refuge inside the Golden Temple in Amritsar.