Answer:
Explanation:(a) 1 and 2 only
The people are generally emotionally, attached to their place of birth. But millions of people leave their places of birth and residence. There could be variety of reasons. These reasons can be put into two broad categories:
The Push Factors: These cause the people to leave their place of residence or origin; and
o The Pull Factors: These attract the people from different places.
In India, the people migrate from the rural to the urban areas, mainly due to poverty, high population pressure on the land, lack of basic infrastructural facilities like health care, education, etc. Apart from these factors, natural disasters, such as, floods, droughts, cyclonic storms, earthquakes, tsunamis, wars and local conflicts also give extra push to migrate.
On the other hand, there are ‘Pull Factors’, which attract the people from the rural areas to the cities. The most important Pull Factor for majority of the rural migrants to the urban areas is better opportunities, availability of regular work and relatively higher wages. Better opportunities for education, better health facilities and sources of entertainment, etc., are also quite important Pull Factors.

Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:
The Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying has conducted the latest, i.e., the 20th Livestock Census in 2019, in participation with all states and Union Territories. It covers all domesticated animals and its headcounts for total 16 species of animals, like cattle, buffalo, Mithun, yak, sheep, goat, pig, horse, pony, mule, donkey, camel, dog, rabbit and elephant, and poultry birds (Fowl, duck, turkey and other poultry birds) possessed by the households, household enterprises/non-household enterprises and institutions at their site. Moreover, the 20th Livestock Census is indeed a unique attempt, as for the first time, data collected in using tablets computers to digitize household level data through online transmission from the field.
The total livestock population is 536.76 million in the country, showing an increase of 4.8% over the 19th Livestock Census- 2012.
The total livestock population in the rural and the urban areas is 514.11 million and 22.65 million, respectively, with percentage share of 95.78% for the rural area and 4.22% for the urban area.
20th Livestock Census was designed to capture Breed-wise number of animals and poultry birds.
Various species of animals (cattle, buffalo, mithun, yak, sheep, goat, pig, horse, pony, mule, donkey, camel, dog, rabbit and elephant)/poultry birds (fowl, duck and other poultry birds) possessed by the households, household enterprises/non-household enterprises were counted.
For the first time, livestock data were collected online in 20th Livestock Census. Advance technology has been adopted to collect data through tablet computers. The National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics & IT developed Android based mobile application for data collection with various features such as data entry module to facilitate recording the data on tablets, web-based work application, local government directory codes etc.
The Animal Husbandry Departments of States/UTs were entrusted to conduct the field operations.
Eastward shift of cattle
West Bengal emerged as the state with the largest number of cattle in 2019, followed by Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. In 2012, Uttar Pradesh had the largest number of cattle but this population has come down by almost 4 per cent since.
The cattle population is also down in Madhya Pradesh (4.42%), Maharashtra (10.07%) and Odisha (15.01%).
States that registered the maximum increases between 2012 and 2019 were West Bengal (15.18%), Bihar (25.18%) and Jharkhand (28.16%).

Answer: (c) 1-3-4-2
Explanation:
Total Population in 2011 is 121.09 crores; Hindu 96.63 crores (79.8%); Muslim 17.22 crores (14.2%); Christian 2.78 crores (2.3%); Sikh 2.08 crores (1.7%); Buddhist 0.84 crores (0.7%); Jain 0.45 crores (0.4%), Other Religions & Persuasions (ORP) 0.79 crores (0.7%) and Religion Not Stated 0.29 crores (0.2%).

Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation:
Bio-fertilizers are the preparations containing live or latent cells of efficient strains of nitrogen fixing, phos- phate solubilizing or cellulolytic microorganisms used for application to seed or composting areas with the objective of increasing the numbers of such microorganisms and speed up those microbial processes which augment the availability of nutrients that can be easily assimilated by plants.
Bio-fertilizers harness atmospheric nitrogen with the help of specialized micro-organisms which may be free living in soil or symbiotic with plants. Bio Fertilizers are classified as follows:
• Symbiotic: Rhizobium, inoculants for legumes.
• Non-symbiotic: For cereals, millets and vegetables.
Bacteria:
 Aerobic: Azotobacter, Azomonas, Azospirillum.
 Anaerobic: Clostridium, chlorobium
 Facultative anaerobes- Bacillus, Eisherichia
Blue green algae: Anabaena, Anabaenopsis, Nostoe
 Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms.
 Cellulolytic and ligninolytic microorganisms.
 Sulphur dissolving bacteria.
 Azolla.
Fish Meal (FM) is an organic fertilizer used for hundreds of years as an organic fertilizer. It is high in nitrogen and phosphorus and contains important trace elements making it an excellent broad-based organic fertilizer.

Answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation:
 Statement 1 is incorrect: Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a form of market intervention by the Government of India to insure agricultural producers against any sharp fall in farm prices — a guarantee price to save farmers from distress sale. The MSPs are announced at the beginning of the sowing season for certain crops on the basis of the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP, 1985).
 Statement 2 is correct: The MSPs are fixed at incentive level, to fulfil the following purposes:
o To induce more investment by farmers in the farm sector,
o To motivate farmers to adopt improved crop production technologies, and
o To enhance production and thereby farmers’ income.
 In the absence of such a guaranteed price, there is a concern that farmers may shift to other crops causing shortage in these commodities. Currently the MSPs are announced for 23 commodities including seven cereals (paddy, wheat, barley, jowar, bajra, maize and ragi); five pulses (gram, arhar/tur, moong, urad and lentil); eight oilseeds (groundnut, rapeseed/mustard, toria, soyabean, sunflower seed, sesamum, safflower seed and niger seed); copra, raw cotton and raw jute.