(b) Only two statements are correct (1st and 3rd)
Corruption Perception Index (CPI): It is an annual index released by Transparency International, a global civil society organization. (1st statement is correct)
Since its inception in 1995, the Corruption Perceptions Index has become the leading global indicator of public sector corruption.
The CPI ranks 180 countries and territories by their perceived levels of public sector corruption on a scale of zero (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). (2nd statement is incorrect)
It uses data from 13 external sources, including the World Bank, World Economic Forum, private risk and consulting companies, think tanks and others.
The scores reflect the views of experts and business people, not the public.
CPI-2023 results show that most countries have made little to no progress in tackling public sector corruption. CPI global average score remains unchanged at 43 for the twelfth year in a row. (3rd statement is correct)
Denmark topped the index for the sixth consecutive year. Somalia was ranked last, other countries occupying the bottom spots included: Venezuela, Syria, South Sudan and Yemen.
India has tied with Maldives, Kazakhstan, and Lesotho to rank at 93 out of 180 countries. In 2022, India was ranked at 85.

(c) Artillery-based long-range bombardment
The Pinaka rocket system is an indigenously developed multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) by India, designed for artillery-based long-range bombardment. It is capable of launching a variety of rockets to target enemy positions, artillery, and other strategic targets. The system enhances the firepower of the Indian Army by providing greater precision and coverage over long distances, complementing conventional artillery in high-intensity warfare. It has been successfully inducted into the Indian Army and plays a key role in strengthening India’s defense capabilities.

(c) Only three statements are correct (1, 2, and 4 only)
Gaganyaan is indeed India’s first manned space mission.
The mission aims to send Indian astronauts to space by 2024.
The mission is part of India’s broader space exploration program to establish a human presence in space.
The spacecraft will be launched using the Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mark III, not the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

(a) Only one
Absolute freedom without any restrictions would lead to chaos and infringe upon the rights of others. Rule of Law, while upholding individual liberty, sets reasonable limits to prevent this. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
Right to Liberty, while cherished, needs to be balanced with other rights and public order. Rule of Law provides the framework for this balancing act through legal principles and judicial enforcement. (Statement 2 is correct)
While the judiciary plays a crucial role in protecting individual liberty, it cannot always prioritize it over societal interests. Balancing both requires careful consideration of context and proportionality. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

(b) The emergence of various ideologies within the Indian National Congress made Gandhiji realize his declining influence on INC.
In the early 1930’s Gandhiji was convinced that he was out of tune with powerful trends in the Congress. He felt that a large section of the intelligentsia favoured parliamentary politics with which he was in fundamental disagreement.
Another section of the intelligentsia felt estranged from the Congress because of his emphasis on the spinning wheel as ‘the second lung of the nation,’ on Harijan work based on a moral and religious approach, and on other items of the constructive programme. Similarly, the socialist group, whose leader was Jawaharlal, was growing in influence and importance but he had fundamental differences with it.
Yet the Socialists felt constrained by the weight of his personality. As he put it: ‘But I would not, by reason of the moral pressure I may be able to exert, suppress the spread of the ideas propounded in their literature.’ Thus, vis-a-vis both groups, ‘for me to dominate the Congress in spite of these fundamental differences is almost a species of violence which I must refrain from.’
Hence, in October 1934, he announced his resignation from the Congress ‘only to serve it better in thought, word and deed.