(c) All three statements are correct
ENSO refers to the cycle of warming (El Niño) and cooling (La Niña) sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. During an El Niño event, the trade winds weaken, leading to warmer sea surface temperatures and altered weather patterns globally. Conversely, La Niña events are characterized by stronger-than-normal trade winds, resulting in cooler sea surface temperatures, increased rainfall in the western Pacific, and drought in the eastern Pacific. ENSO encompasses both the warm phase (El Niño) and the cool phase (La Niña) of the cycle, whereas La Niña represents only the cool phase.

(a) 1 only statement is correct
War emissions do arise from military operations (such as fuel use in combat) and the production of military equipment, contributing significantly to overall greenhouse gas emissions.
Military emissions are often excluded from national greenhouse gas inventories submitted to the UNFCCC. Many countries do not report emissions from military activities due to national security concerns. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
While military emissions may be a smaller portion compared to civilian emissions, they are not negligible. The environmental impact of military operations can be significant, especially during large-scale conflicts. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

(c) All three statements are correct
The FCRA was enacted in 2010 to regulate the acceptance and utilization of foreign contributions by individuals, associations, and companies in India. Organizations receiving foreign contributions must register with the Ministry of Home Affairs and are subject to regular audits. The FCRA prohibits the use of foreign contributions for any activities that are detrimental to the national interest, including political activities. The FCRA Amendment Act of 2020 introduced stricter regulations, including the requirement for organizations to have an Aadhaar number for registration and the prohibition of transferring foreign contributions to other entities without prior permission.

(b) Only two statements are correct (1st and 3rd)
Antariksha Abhyas – 2024 is India’s first-ever space war-game exercise, aimed at addressing threats to space-based assets and services. The exercise is being conducted by the Defence Space Agency (DSA) under the Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff. Participants include units from the Defence Space Agency, Army, Navy, Air Force, and specialist branches such as the Defence Cyber Agency, Defence Intelligence Agency, and Strategic Forces Command. The exercise aims to enhance operational resilience and foster technological advancements through collaboration with defence and space agencies like ISRO and DRDO.

(c) Maldives
The 12th edition of joint military exercise “Ex Ekuverin” between the Indian Army & the Maldives National Defence Force has commenced at Chaubatia, Uttarakhand from 11 to 24 June 2023. Ekuverin meaning ‘Friends’ is a bilateral annual exercise conducted alternatively in India and Maldives.
Source: PIB