Correct option: (a)
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: A Person of Indian Origin (PIO) means a foreign citizen, except a national of Pakistan, Afghanistan Bangladesh, China, Iran, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Nepal.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: PIO held an Indian Passport at any time.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: They are entitled to enjoy parity with NRIs in economic, financial and educational benefits in India.

Correct Option: (c)
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: The guidelines for renunciation of Indian Citizenship are issued by the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
• Statement 2 is correct: As per Section 8 (2) of Indian Citizenship Act, 1955, “every minor child of a person who renounces their citizenship under Section 8(1), shall, thereupon, cease to be a citizen of India.

Correct Option: (b)
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is incorrect: Overseas Citizen of India means ‘a person’ registered as overseas citizen with the central government.
• Here person does not include any company or association or anybody or individual.
• Statement 2 is correct: Foreign nationals cannot apply for OCI in India while on Tourist Visa, Missionary Visa and Mountaineering Visa.
• Statement 3 is correct: Moreover, the foreigner has to be ordinarily resident of India to be eligible to apply for OCI registration in India.
• ‘Ordinarily resident’ will mean a person staying in a particular country or in India for a continuous period of 6 months.
• Statement 4 is incorrect: The spouse of foreign origin of a citizen of India or spouse of foreign origin of an Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder and whose marriage has been registered and subsisted for a continuous period of not less than two years immediately preceding the presentation of the application is also eligible for registration as OCI cardholder. Supplementary Notes
A foreign national:
• Who was a citizen of India at the time of, or at any time after 26th January, 1950; or
• Who was eligible to become a citizen of India on 26th January, 1950; or
• Who belonged to a territory that became part of India after 15th August, 1947; or
• Who is a child or a grandchild or a great grandchild of such a citizen; or
• who is a minor child of such persons mentioned above; or (vi) who is a minor child and whose both parents are citizens of India or one of the parents is a citizen of India – is eligible for registration as OCI cardholder.

Correct Option: (b)
Explanation:
Citizenship
Constitution of India does not deal with the problem of acquisition or loss of citizenship subsequent to its commencement. It empowers the Parliament to enact a law to provide for such matters and any other matter relating to citizenship. Accordingly, the Parliament has enacted the Citizenship Act (1955).
According to the Constitution, the following four categories of persons became the citizens of India at its commencement i.e., on January 26, 1950:
• A person who had his domicile in India
• A person who migrated to India from Pakistan became an Indian citizen if he or either of his parents or any of his grandparents was born in undivided India.
• Persons migrated to Pakistan but later returned;
• Persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
• The other constitutional provisions with respect to the citizenship are as follows:
o No person shall be a citizen of India or be deemed to be a citizen of India, if he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of any foreign state.
• Every person who is or is deemed to be a citizen of India shall continue to be such citizen, subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament.
o Parliament shall have the power to make any provision with respect to the acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters relating to citizenship.

Correct Option: (c)
Explanation:
• Both statements are correct Supplementary Notes Citizenship Act 1955
• Articles 5 to 9 of the Constitution determine who are Indian citizens at the Commencement of the Constitution are and Article 10 provides for their continuance as such citizens subject to the provisions of any law that may be made by Parliament.
• The Constitution does not, however, make any provision with respect to the acquisition of citizenship after its commencement or the termination of citizenship or other matters relating to citizenship.
• Under Article 11, the Constitution expressly saves the power of Parliament to make a law to provide for such matters.
• It is obviously necessary to make such a law to supplement the provisions of the Constitution and this Bill seeks to achieve this object.
• This Act provides for the acquisition of citizenship, after the commencement of the Constitution, by birth, descent, registration, naturalisation and incorporation of territory. It also makes necessary provisions for the termination and deprivation of citizenship under certain circumstances.
• The Act also seeks to formally recognize Commonwealth citizenship and permit the Central Government to extend on a reciprocal basis such rights of an Indian citizen as may be agreed upon to the citizens of other Commonwealth countries and the Republic of Ireland.