(b) 1, 2, and 3 are only correct
Exercise Garuda Shakti is a joint exercise between India and Indonesia.
Exercise Nomadic Elephant is a joint exercise between India and Mongolia.
Exercise Shakti is a joint exercise between India and France.
Exercise Yudh Abhyas is a joint exercise between India and the United States, not the United Kingdom.

(c) USA
The India US military relations aim to strengthen defense cooperation between the two nations through regular strategic and operational meetings between the Headquarters, Integrated Defense Staff, and the US Indo-Pacific Command.
LEMOA: This agreement allows both India and the USA to use each other’s military bases for logistical support, such as refueling and supplies.
COMCASA: This agreement facilitates the exchange of encrypted communication between the two countries’ militaries, enhancing interoperability.
BECA: This agreement pertains to geospatial intelligence and the sharing of satellite data, which is crucial for military planning and operations

(c) All three statements are correct
Russia has been a longstanding and time-tested partner for India. Development of India-Russia relations has been a key pillar of India’s foreign policy. It is pertinent to look at the historical development of India-Russia relations.
India and Russia have indeed jointly developed the BrahMos cruise missile, which is one of the most successful examples of their defense cooperation.
Russia has been the largest supplier of military equipment to India, providing a significant portion of India’s defense imports.
The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in Tamil Nadu is being constructed with technical assistance from Russia, highlighting their collaboration in the field of nuclear energy.

(b) Only two statements are incorrect (1st and 3rd)
The formal defense relationship between India and Israel began in the early 1990s, not the 1980s.
Defence Cooperation: Israel has remained among the top arms suppliers to India in the past two decades.
Both countries are cooperating on security issues, including a Joint Working Group on Counter-Terrorism.
Indian armed forces use Israeli Phalcon AWACS (Airborne Warning And Control Systems), and Heron drones to Barak anti-missile defence systems. (Not jointly developed)
I2U2: Founded in 2021 is a new strategic partnership;
Members: India, Israel, United Arab Emirates, and United States. It is also referred to as the West Asian Quad/Middle East Quad/New Quad.

(a) 1 and 2 only are correct
India and Bangladesh conduct a joint military exercise named “Sampriti” to enhance mutual cooperation and interoperability between their armed forces.
Statement 2 is correct: Bangladesh participates in India’s “Exercise Milan,” which is a multilateral naval exercise aimed at enhancing regional cooperation and maritime security.
While Bangladesh imports military equipment from various countries, including China, India has not provided submarines to Bangladesh (Statement 3 is incorrect)