(c) All three statements are correct
The concept of “One Nation, One Election” indeed proposes holding simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha and all State Legislative Assemblies to streamline the electoral process and reduce the frequency of elections.
First General Elections to the House of People (Lok Sabha) and all State Legislative Assemblies were held simultaneously in 1951-52.
That practice continued in three subsequent General Elections held in the years 1957, 1962 and 1967. However, due to the premature dissolution of some Legislative Assemblies in 1968 and 1969, the cycle got disrupted.
In 1970, the Lok Sabha was itself dissolved prematurely and fresh elections were held in 1971. Thus, the First, Second and Third Lok Sabha enjoyed full five-year terms.
The term of the Fifth Lok Sabha was extended till 1977 under Article 352. After that, the Eighth, Tenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Lok Sabha could complete their full five-year terms. The Sixth, Seventh, Ninth, Eleventh, Twelfth and Thirteenth Lok Sabha was dissolved prematurely.
Simultaneous elections were the norm in India until 1967. The cycle was disrupted due to the premature dissolution of some Legislative Assemblies and the Lok Sabha.
Implementing “One Nation, One Election” would require several constitutional amendments, including changes to Articles 83, 172, and the introduction of a new Article 324A.

(c) All three statements are correct
Delimitation entails establishing boundaries for territorial constituencies in a nation to reflect population shifts accurately. The Delimitation Commission operates independently from executive control. As per the Constitution, the Commission’s decisions are conclusive and exempt from legal challenges that could indefinitely postpone elections.
Once the Delimitation Commission’s decisions are presented to the Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assembly, no alterations can be made to those orders.
Under Article 82 of the Constitution, the Parliament passes a Delimitation Act, and the President of India appoints an independent high-powered panel known as the Delimitation Commission to carry out the task.
The Delimitation Commission is indeed a high-power body whose orders have the force of law and cannot be challenged in any court.
The Delimitation Commission has been constituted four times since India’s independence: in 1952, 1963, 1973, and 2002.
The primary responsibility of the Delimitation Commission is to redraw the boundaries of the Lok Sabha and state Assembly constituencies based on the latest Census.

(b) Only 2nd and 3rd statements are correct
The anti-defection law punishes individual Members of Parliament (MPs)/Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) for leaving one party for another.
Parliament added it to the Constitution as the Tenth Schedule in 1985 in order to bring stability to governments by discouraging legislators from changing parties.
The Tenth Schedule – popularly known as the Anti-Defection Act – was included in the Constitution via the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985. (1st statement is incorrect)
It sets the provisions for the disqualification of elected members on the grounds of defection to another political party.
It was a response to the toppling of multiple state governments by party-hopping MLAs after the general elections of 1967.
The provisions of the Anti-Defection Law are contained in the Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
A member of a House belonging to any political party becomes disqualified if they voluntarily give up the membership of their party or disobey the directives of the party leadership on a vote.

(b) Only two statements are correct (1st and 2nd)
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a permanent and independent body established by the Constitution of India to ensure free and fair elections in the country.
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India.
It was established in accordance with the Constitution on 25th January 1950 (celebrated as National Voters’ Day). The secretariat of the commission is in New Delhi.
The Election Commission does not have the power to disqualify candidates who commit electoral malpractices. It can recommend disqualification, but the final decision rests with the judiciary. (3rd statement is incorrect)

(c) Fair application of law
Due process of law is a legal requirement that ensures that people are treated fairly and justly by the legal system. It protects people from arbitrary actions and upholds their constitutional rights. Due process of law includes: the right to notice, the right to a fair and impartial hearing, the right to present evidence, and the right to appeal.
The concept of due process is fundamental to ensuring justice and fairness in legal proceedings. Due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person. This includes the right to fair procedures and protections before depriving an individual of life, liberty, or property.
The principle of natural justice is closely linked to due process, emphasizing the need for fairness, impartiality, and the opportunity to present a defense. It ensures that decisions are made based on unbiased and just procedures, which upholds public confidence in the legal system.