(a) A new species of burrowing frog discovered in Bengaluru.
Sphaerotheca Varshaabhu is a frog species that has been discovered and documented by researchers. The name translates to “a frog that welcomes rain” and is attributed to its behaviour of emerging from burrows during early showers. The species has unique characteristics that distinguish it from other frog species.
Sphaerotheca Varshaabhu has adapted to its urban surroundings in surprising ways, displaying behaviors and physical attributes that enable it to navigate the challenges posed by urbanisation.

(c) All three
The One Nation One Fertilizer (ONOF) scheme is a part of the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Urvarak Pariyojana (PM-BJUR) scheme, which was launched by the Government of India in 2022. The ONOF scheme aims to create a single brand of fertilizers for the entire country. This means that all fertilizer companies, both public and private, will be required to sell their fertilizers under the brand name “Bharat”.

Sure, here is some information about the One Nation One Fertilizer (ONOF) scheme, which is relevant for the UPSC exam:

What is the One Nation One Fertilizer scheme?

The One Nation One Fertilizer (ONOF) scheme is a part of the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Urvarak Pariyojana (PM-BJUR) scheme, which was launched by the Government of India in 2022. The ONOF scheme aims to create a single brand of fertilizers for the entire country. This means that all fertilizer companies, both public and private, will be required to sell their fertilizers under the brand name “Bharat”.
Objectives of the ONOF scheme:
• To simplify the fertilizer market for farmers.
• To ensure quality and uniformity of fertilizers across the country.
• To reduce the number of fertilizer brands, which will make it easier for farmers to choose the right fertilizer for their crops.
• To promote balanced use of fertilizers and reduce soil health degradation.
Key features of the ONOF scheme:
• All fertilizer companies will be required to use the “Bharat” brand name and logo on their fertilizer bags.
• Companies will be allowed to display their own brand name and logo on a limited portion of the bag.
• The scheme will initially cover four types of fertilizers: urea, DAP, MOP, and NPK.
• The scheme is being implemented in a phased manner.

(a) Only one
During the Shimla Agreement in 1972, Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, and Zulfikar Bhutto, the then President of Pakistan, agreed to maintain the sanctity of the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir. The agreement aimed to establish peaceful bilateral relations and resolve disputes through peaceful means. (Statement 1 is correct)
The Lahore Summit took place in February 1999, not 1997. It was held between Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India, and Nawaz Sharif, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan. The summit aimed to address various bilateral issues and build trust between the two countries. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
The Islamabad Summit was not held between Rajiv Gandhi and Nawaz Sharif. The Islamabad Summit took place in 1988 between Rajiv Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, and Benazir Bhutto, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan. The summit focused on improving bilateral relations and addressing issues of mutual concern. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

(c) Ahmedabad
Tropic of Cancer latitude passes through the center of India is currently 23°26′13.3″ (or 23.43703°) north of the Equator. Tropic of Cancer is the most northerly circle of latitude on the Earth at which the Sun can be directly overhead.
Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 Indian states including:
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram
Situated at around 23.4 Degrees north of the Equator Tropic of Cancer Passes through Kutch, Surendranagar, Ahmedabad, Mehsana, Ravalli, Sabarkantha districts of Gujarat.

(b) Only 2
Spirogyra and Ulothrix are green algae that are commonly found in freshwater environments. They are a major food source for organisms that live in water and cannot produce their own food.
Blue green algae (cyanobacteria) found in fresh water, brackish water and salt water.
Spirogyra (green algae) common in fresh water habitats Ulothrix (green algae) found in fresh and marine water habitats. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
The eyes of chameleon (Chameleon calcaratus) are elevated is small cones and can move in all directions and each eye can see independently of the other.