(d) 1 & 3 only
Explanation:
As per the Protection of Plant Variety and Farmers Rights Act, 2001 Section 45, “National Gene Fund” has been constituted to receive (or give) contributions from:
• The Breeder will have to pay royalty which will go to the National Gene Fund
• If someone gives a claim that the genetic material possessed by him was used in the development of the seed variety by the breeder then the claimant will get benefit sharing from the National Gene Fund

(d) 1 & 3 only

Explanation:
Liquid Nano Urea has been developed and Patented by IFFCO. IFFCO Nano Urea is the only Nano fertilizer approved by the Government of India and included in the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO). To ensure adequate availability of right quality of fertilizers at right time and at right price to farmers, Fertilizer was declared as an Essential Commodity and Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) was promulgated under Section 3 of Essential Commodities Act,1955 to regulate, trade, price, quality and distribution of fertilizers in the country.
• Application of 1 bottle (half litre) of Nano Urea can effectively replace at least 1 bag of Urea (50 kg).
• Presently there is no subsidy on Nano Urea. And the subsidy on normal Urea is around Rs. 15 to Rs. 20 per kg. Presently Govt. regulates the price of normal urea at Rs. 5.36/kg
• When sprayed on leaves, Nano Urea easily enters through stomata and other openings and is assimilated by the plant cells. It is easily distributed through the phloem from source to sink inside the plant as per its need.
• Liquid Nano Urea contains 4% nitrogen by volume and comes in the form of nanoparticle.
• Its efficiency is 85%-90% as compared to 25% for conventional urea
• Unutilized nitrogen is stored in the plant vacuole and is slowly released for proper growth and development of the plant.
• Small size (20-50 nm) of Nano Urea increases its availability to crop by more than 80%.

(d) 4 only
Explanation:
• Central Govt. (FCI) procures the food grains at MSP then stores it and then transports it to different States and then gives the food grain stock to the States at a price called Central Issue Price (CIP) which is basically Rs. 3/kg for Rice, Rs. 2/kg of wheat and Rs. 1/kg of Coarse grains.
• So, States pay this price to FCI and get the food grains and then they arrange for within the State transportation and distribution and then this food grains is given to PDS beneficiaries at this same price of Rs. 3/kg rice, Rs. 2/kg of wheat and Rs. 1/kg of Coarse grains. CIP is fixed by Department of Food and Public Distribution, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.

(c) Both 1 & 2

Explanation:
• Palm Oil is the world’s most widely used vegetable oil with its global production around 75 MT annually. Palm oil makes up 40% of the global supply of the four most widely used edible oils: palm, soyabean, rapeseed/mustard and sunflower. Palm oil is used as cooking oil, and in cosmetics, processed food, cleaning products etc.
• Indonesia is the world’s biggest producer, exporter and consumer of palm oil. Indonesia and Malaysia together account for almost 90% of the global palm oil production with Indonesia accounting for 60% of the global palm oil supply.

(c) 3 only

Explanation:
• APEDA was established in 1986 under the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Act, 1985.
• The APEDA under Ministry of Commerce & Industries, Government of India is implementing the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) which involves accreditation of Certification Bodies, standards for organic production, promotion of organic farming and marketing etc.