(a) Only one
MvPI was launched on July 6, 2015 to monitor the safety of medical devices in the country.
Objective is to improve Indian patient safety by monitoring, recording and analysing the root cause of adverse events or risks associated with the use of medical devices including in-vitro diagnostics by healthcare professionals or patients/users and suggesting regulatory bodies for appropriate action with the sole intention of improving patient safety.
It is an important program for reporting of adverse events, coordinated analysis etc related to the medical devices including in-vitro diagnostic devices.
It is regulated by the Central Drugs Standards Control Organization (CDSCO) (Statement 2 is incorrect)
Medical devices consist of electronic equipment, implant, consumables and disposables, surgical instruments and in-vitro diagnostic reagents, among others.
Currently, all medical devices in India are regulated by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Medical Device Rule, 2017.
At present, India is 80% dependent on imports for medical devices. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

(c) Mongolia
The refinery is being constructed in South Gobi and is funded by a $1.2 billion soft loan from the Indian government. The refinery will have the capacity to process 1.5 million tons of crude oil annually, or 30,000 barrels per day, and is expected to help Mongolia meet its needs for gasoline, diesel, aviation fuel, and liquefied petroleum gas. The project is also expected to boost Mongolia’s GDP by up to 10% and reduce its reliance on Russian oil imports.

(c) Both 1 and 2
India’s National Quantum Mission (NQM) is indeed a program initiated by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under the Ministry of Science and Technology. This information is readily available on the official website of the Department of Science and Technology and other reliable sources.
The NQM is designed as a long-term mission, spanning from 2023 to 2031, with a total outlay of Rs. 6003.65 crore. This timeframe aligns with the mission’s ambitious goals of nurturing and scaling up scientific and industrial research and development in Quantum Technology (QT).

(d) EU
The Digital Services Act (DSA) was passed by the European Parliament in July 2022 to make the online environment safer and more transparent for EU citizens. The DSA aims to regulate online intermediaries and platforms, such as social networks, online marketplaces, app stores, and content-sharing platforms.

(c) Both 1 and 2
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a volatile organic chemical that is widely found in the environment and is classified as a probable human carcinogen.
NDMA is a yellow, odorless liquid chemical that is a byproduct of several manufacturing processes and water chlorination. It is also created when food or drink is processed, and chemicals found in food and water can turn into NDMA in the stomach. For most people, the largest source of exposure to NDMA is through endogenous production (within the body) from precursors that occur naturally in the body or in the diet.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified NDMA as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen. Animal studies have suggested that chronic ingestion and inhalation of NDMA may cause an increase in liver tumors and other types of tumors.