Which of the following factors contributed to the unusually wet and cool May in India in 2025?
1. Above-normal western disturbances
2. Suppression of heatwave formation
3. Enhanced heat low formation over northwest India
4. Continuous moisture incursions from Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea

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With reference to the importance of heat lows over northwest India, consider the following statements:
1. Heat lows help attract moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean.
2. They delay the arrival of the monsoon by suppressing low pressure formation.
3. They contribute to the development of the monsoon trough essential for rainfall.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Which of the following traditional Indian farming systems is recognized under the FAO’s GIAHS program as the only below sea level farming system in India?

In the context of India’s Act East Policy, why is the Northeast region referred to as the “gateway to Southeast Asia”?
1. It shares land borders with several Southeast Asian nations.
2. It is directly connected to major maritime ports in Southeast Asia.
3. It is being integrated into trilateral infrastructure projects like the India-Myanmar-Thailand highway.

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How does a good monsoon contribute to controlling food inflation in India?
1. Increases food production and reduces import dependency
2. Ensures uniform rainfall across all regions and prevents drought
3. Stabilises rural demand and improves supply chain efficiency

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