(b) 2 only
District Mineral Foundations are non-profit bodies established in districts affected by mining operations, working for the benefit of affected persons and areas. They are funded through contributions from miners and are mandated by the Mines and Minerals (Development & Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015. While they don’t promote mineral exploration or authorize state licenses, they play a crucial role in curbing illegal mining.

(d) Pandit Motilal Nehru
When Gandhi cancelled the movement because of the Chauri Chaura incident, he parted ways with the INC and formed the Swarajya Party along with CR Das. He became a member of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1923 serving as the Leader of the Opposition.
Motilal Nehru is most remembered for the Nehru Report. In the aftermath of the Indian leaders’ opposition to the Simon Commission, the Secretary of State for India, Lord Birkenhead dared Indians to draw up a constitution, indirectly insinuating that Indians were not up to the challenge as they could not find a common path.
The Indian leadership took up the challenge and formed a committee for this purpose cutting across party lines. Motilal was the chairman of this committee. This report was submitted at the all-party Lucknow session in 1928 becoming one of the earliest attempts by Indians to frame a constitution.
In 1929, he resigned from active politics due to ill-health. He died in 1931 aged 69.

(a) Only one
The Doctrine of Basic Structure was established in the Kesavananda Bharati case, not the Golaknath case. Additionally, the Doctrine states that Parliament cannot alter the basic features of the Constitution, not just its federal character. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
The Constitution does not explicitly mention secularism, federalism, and judicial review as integral features of the Basic Structure. These features have been inferred by the Supreme Court through its judgments. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
The Kesavananda Bharati case is the landmark case that established the Doctrine of Basic Structure and limited Parliament’s amending power. (Statement 3 is correct)

(d) None
William Finch: Visited Ayodhya between 1608 and 1611, and wrote about his visit in William Foster’s book Early Travels in India.
Sikh traveller Dhanna Singh who visited Ayodhya in the first half of the 20th century recorded the Sikh history associated with the city and also the tales about the birth of Ram. However, he did not mention either the Babri mosque or any dispute over its land in his tra.
William Finch arrived in India in August 1608, landing in Surat, and wrote about his Ayodhya visit. The account has been taken from William Foster’s book Early Travels in India. Finch visited Ayodhya between 1608 and 1611, when Jahangir ruled the Mughal Empire. Calling Ayodhya a “city of ancient note”.

(c) Both 1 and 2
The Agriculture Insurance Company of India Limited (AICIL) is a government-owned agricultural insurer that was established on December 20, 2002 and began operations on April 1, 2003. It is one of the largest crop insurance companies in the world, with around 25 million farmers covered under its various crop insurance products and schemes. More than 86% of these farmers are small and marginal, meaning they own 2 hectares of land or less.
AICIL is a central public sector undertaking under the ownership of the Ministry of Finance. It is under the operational supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture. It offers yield-based and weather-based crop insurance programs in almost 500 districts of India.