(a) Only One

Explanation:
• Warren Hastings:
• Established ‘Calcutta Madrasa’ in 1781 for the study and learning of Persian and Arabic.
• The motive was to develop friendly relations with the elites of the indigenous society and to understand their culture.

William Jones:
• Established the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784 to encourage Oriental studies.
• For roughly fifty years, it served as a significant academic hub and a unique institution that translated significant Sanskrit works.
• Importance: Asiatic Researches.
• Warren Hastings believed that Hindus had laws that had not changed for thousands of years.
• Therefore, if the British wanted to establish their rule in the nation, they had to learn these laws and the Sanskrit language in which they were written.
Jonathan Duncan:
• In 1791, ‘Sanskrit College’ was founded by him in Benaras.
• The motive was to promote the study of Hindu laws and philosophy.
• These early attempts at education in the Oriental languages met with little success. It was found that there were more teachers than students.
Lord Wellesley:
• Fort William College, founded by Wellesley in 1801 to train young British recruits for the civil service in India
• It was meant to serve primarily for the purpose of making local British administrators familiar with Indian culture and tradition.
• This university developed into a significant repository for information on and about India.
• There were numerous departments there that conducted only research on Indian languages and literature.

(b) Two only

Explanation:
• The First Governor-General of India was Lord William Bentick.
• The activities of East India Company as a commercial body came to an end. The company purely became an administrative body.
• The company’s territories in India were to be held by it “in trust for his Majesty, his heirs and successors”.
• The act attempted to introduce a system of open competition for selection in Civil Services.
• The concept of a merit based modern Civil Service in India was introduced on the recommendations of Lord Macaulay’s Report in 1854.
• The Indian Law Commission was established in 1833 and Lord Macaulay was made its first chairman. It aimed to codify all kinds of law in India.
• The Act provided that the laws made in India were supposed to be laid in British Parliament.
• It elevated the Governor General of Bengal as Governor General of India and consolidated and centralized the administration of India.
• It made the East India Company a trustee of the crown in the field of administration.
• The Act provided to freely admit Indians into administration in the country.
• The Act separated the legislative functions of the Governor General in Council from the executive functions.
• The law commission under Lord Macaulay codified the laws.

(b) Only two

Explanation:
India’s Women Freedom Fighter
• Rani Velu Nachiyar, the queen of the erstwhile estate of Sivaganga in Tamil Nadu, was the first Indian queen to fi ght against the erstwhile British East India Company.
• Pritilata Waddedar, who joined Surya Sen’s group of revolutionaries, is hailed as Bengal’s first woman martyr.
• Uda Devi was one of the fiercest Dalit women in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. In the Battle of Sikandar Bagh (1857), she led an army of women against the British. Uda Devi climbed a tree and shot and killed more than half-a-dozen British soldiers before being killed on November 16, 1857.
• Pritilata Waddedar, who joined Surya Sen’s group of revolutionaries, is hailed as Bengal’s first woman martyr. She is known for her historic 1932 attack against a European club in Chattogram, now in Bangladesh, for its anti-Indian outlook. The attack left one European woman dead and several injured. Waddedar refused to be captured and committed suicide.
• Rani Velu Nachiyar, the queen of the erstwhile estate of Sivaganga in Tamil Nadu, was the first Indian queen to fight against the erstwhile British East India Company. The death of her husband in 1780, at the hands of British soldiers, and the loss of Sivaganga, prompted her rebellion. With the help of Mysore ruler Hyder Ali, she recaptured her kingdom.

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation:
Jyotiba Phule
• Jyotirao ‘Jyotiba’ Govindrao Phule was an Indian writer, social activist, thinker and anti-caste social reformer born in the Satara district of Maharashtra in 1827.
• He is believed to be the first Hindu to start an orphanage for the unfortunate children.
• The title of Mahatma was given by social reformer Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar to Jyotirao Phule. It was given a few years before his death at the age of 63 in recognition of his efforts to fight the evils plaguing Indian society at the time.
Contribution for the Women Empowerment and Dalit
• After seeing the poor conditions faced by widows, Jyotiba founded an ashram for newly widowed women and later came out in favor of widow remarriage.
• In 1851, Jyotiba established a girls’ school and asked his wife to teach the girls in the school. Later, he opened two more schools for the girls and an indigenous school for the lower castes, especially for the Mahars and Mangs.
• In 1868, Jyotirao decided to construct a common bathing tank outside his house to exhibit his embracing attitude towards all human beings and wished to dine with everyone, regardless of their caste.
• Jyotirao Phule was the first person to coin the term ‘Dalits’ to apply to all people considered lower caste and untouchables by the Brahmins.

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation:
• The Indian National Congress decided to oppose Curzon’s reactionary policies and the division of Bengal at its Convention in 1905, which was presided over by Gokhale.
• It also decided to support the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal and other antipartition movements.
• At the Calcutta Congress Session (1906), presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji, a significant step forward was made when it was announced that the Indian National Congress’s objective was “self-government or Swaraj like the United Kingdom or the colonies of Australia or Canada”.
• At the Surat Session of the Indian National Congress (1907), when the party split, the Moderate-Extremist disagreement over the movement’s speed and tactics of struggle came to a halt. This had severe repercussions for the Swadeshi Movement.