(c) Only three
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is collaborating with Raman Research Institute to construct the X-ray polarimeter. The satellite is scheduled for launch on January 1, 2024, at 9:10 AM, using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C58). (Statement 1 is incorrect)
XPoSat, or X-ray Polarimeter Satellite, is India’s first polarimetry mission. The satellite’s primary goal is to measure the polarization of intense X-ray sources in the 8-30 keV energy band.
Apart from NASA’s Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) which was launched in 2021, XPoSAT is the second polarimetry mission in the world.

(a) Only one
Cyclone Mandous originated in the Bay of Bengal and made landfall in Mamallapuram, India on December 9, 2022. The cyclone caused heavy rainfall and squally winds in coastal Tamil Nadu. (1st pair is incorrect)
Cyclone Tauktae originated in low-pressure area over the Arabian Sea first concentrated into a depression and later intensified into a cyclonic storm in Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra. (2nd pair is incorrect)
Cyclone Sitrang originated from an area of low pressure near the Bay of Bengal offshore the Andaman and Nicobar Islands on 17 October 2022. (3rd pair is correct)
Cyclone Biparjoy originated in the Arabian Sea and made landfall on June 15, 2023 between Mandvi in Gujarat and Karachi in Pakistan. (4th pair is incorrect)

(a) Only one
As per the Disaster Management Act, 2005, “disaster” means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area. (Statement 1 is correct)
The 10th Finance Commission (1995-2000) examined a proposal that a disaster be termed “a national calamity of rarest severity” if it affects one-third of the population of a state. (Statement 2 is incorrect).
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has been established under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister and National Executive Committee (NEC) of Secretaries has been created to assist the NDMA in the performance of its functions.

(b) Only two
India has signed Agreement on Transfer of Sentenced Persons with 31 countries by virtue of which Indian prisoners lodged in foreign countries can be transferred to India to serve the remainder of their sentence and vice-versa. 31 countries with which India has signed the Agreements on Transfer of Sentenced Persons are Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Egypt, Estonia, France, Hong Kong, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kuwait, Maldives, Mauritius, Mongolia, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, United Arab Emirates (UAE), United Kingdom and Vietnam. (Statement 1 is correct)
The Repatriation of Prisoners Act, 2003 allows prisoners to be transferred from India to their home countries to serve the remainder of their sentence. The act also allows foreign prisoners in India to be transferred to their home countries. (Statement 2 is correct)
The Geneva Convention establishes the principle that prisoners of war must be released and repatriated without delay after the cessation of active hostilities. (Statement 3 is incorrect)