Answer: (a) 1 and 3 only
Statement 2 is Incorrect: There is a no mandatory provision that the election of a candidate as Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha shall be from either the principal opposition party or the ruling party. It is by the convention that the position of Deputy Speaker is offered to the opposition party in India.
Statement 4 is Incorrect: Immediately following the election of the Speaker, the Lok Sabha also elects the Deputy Speaker from among its members. There is no provision and or established practice of moving the motion for his election by the speaker and it is seconded by the prime minister.

Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation:
Measuring Inequality:
1. GINI COEFFICIENT: Gini coefficient is a commonly used measure of income inequality. It ranges from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality). A higher Gini coefficient indicates greater income inequality.
2. LORENZ CURVE: Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of income distribution. It helps visualise how income is distributed across different population groups.
3. THEIL INDEX: Theil index considers both within-group and between-group inequality. It provides a more nuanced understanding of the sources of inequality in a given population.
4. PALMA RATIO: Palma ratio is a measure of income inequality that focuses on the income share of the richest 10 per cent compared to the poorest 40 per cent of the population. It helps highlight the disparities between the rich and the poor.

Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation:
Is the right to marry a fundamental right?
Marriage, according to the court, is an institution set up under law — and same-sex couples do not have a right to participate in it unless the law permits them to do so. The fact that it does not permit them at this moment, according to the court, is not unconstitutional. The Special Marriage Act, 1954 — a legislation that was enacted to enable inter-faith marriages, and the challenge against which formed the foundation of the hearings — was upheld in its current form, permitting marriages only between a ‘man’ and a ‘woman’. Ultimately, the court held that there is no fundamental right to marry, although the minority observed that the right to marry interfaces with other fundamental rights, including the right to freedom of expression, freedom of movement, and a life of dignity and autonomy.

Answer: (c) An active stratovolcano in Indonesia.
Merapi is an active volcano located in Central Java, Indonesia. Its name means “Mountain of Fire” in the Javanese language. With a history of frequent and occasionally violent eruptions, it is one of the most dangerous and active volcanoes in the world.